{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T23:03:12Z","timestamp":1774047792041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"US National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI069924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["189498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["189498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["193381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["193381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>More than 7.5 million people in South Africa have HIV, but little is known about the association of HIV and anal cancer incidence. We examined anal cancer incidence in a large South African cohort of insured men and women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a cohort study using reimbursement claims data from a South African medical insurance scheme (01\/2011-07\/2020) to assess anal cancer rates among people with and without HIV aged \u226518 years. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for the association of HIV and incident anal cancer using flexible parametric survival models. Covariates included sex, age, calendar year, a history of genital warts and other sexually transmitted infections, and in women, cervical precancer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 1 068 915 people of whom 69 985 (7%) were living with HIV. Over 3 933 145 person-years, 122 anal cancers were diagnosed (crude rate: 3.1\/100 000 person-years; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 2.6\u20133.7). People with HIV had a 4-fold higher anal cancer risk than people without HIV (aHR 4.43; 95% CI 2.44\u20138.04). While anal cancer rates were similar among men and women, older age (\u226565 vs 45\u201354 years; aHR 5.01; 95% CI: 2.94\u20138.53), a history of genital warts (aHR 7.56; 95% CI: 2.28\u201325.07), and among women, a prior cervical precancer diagnosis (aHR 5.70; 95% CI 1.75\u201318.58) were associated with a higher anal cancer risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In South Africa, men and women with HIV, older individuals, people with a history of genital warts, and women with a prior cervical precancer diagnosis might benefit from prioritized access to anal cancer screening.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T08:36:21Z","timestamp":1756715781000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anal Cancer Incidence Rates Among Men and Women With and Without HIV in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7560-5256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Villalobos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern , Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0891-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yann","family":"Ruffieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern , Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1560-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chido","family":"Chinogurei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrated Data and Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4849-181X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas D","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern , Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Centre for Integrated Data and Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern , Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7462-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Egger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrated Data and Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenni","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medscheme , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3080-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Maartens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2667-0956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"Folb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medscheme , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0554-2875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliane","family":"Rohner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern , Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092508534492400_ofaf537-B1","author":"Ferlay"},{"key":"2025092508534492400_ofaf537-B2","first-page":"924","article-title":"International trends in anal cancer incidence rates","volume":"46","author":"Islami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025092508534492400_ofaf537-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2016.07.013","article-title":"Pathology of anal cancer","volume":"26","author":"Hoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am"},{"key":"2025092508534492400_ofaf537-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24116","article-title":"Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva, vagina and anus: a 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