{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:30:52Z","timestamp":1787009452945,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI152087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI152087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23HL153581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HL153581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43TW010350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW010350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI152087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI152087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54EB027049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54EB027049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI136894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI136894"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100027896","name":"Patrick J. McGovern Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100027896","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fonds de Recherche Sant\u00e9 Qu\u00e9bec"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA2018D-2509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2018D-2509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA2018D-2493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2018D-2493"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA2020I-3305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2020I-3305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Open-access data challenges can accelerate innovation in artificial intelligence\u2013based tools. In the Cough Diagnostic Algorithm for Tuberculosis (CODA TB) DREAM Challenge, we developed and independently validated cough sound\u2013based artificial intelligence algorithms for tuberculosis screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included data from 2143 adults with \u22652 weeks of cough from outpatient clinics in India, Madagascar, the Philippines, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Vietnam. A standard tuberculosis evaluation was completed, and \u22653 solicited coughs were recorded using a smartphone. We invited teams to develop models using training data to classify microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis disease using (1) cough sound features only and\/or (2) cough sound features with routinely available clinical data. After 4 months, they submitted the algorithms for independent test set validation. Models were ranked by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and partial AUROC (pAUROC) to achieve at least 80% sensitivity and 60% specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven cough models and 6 cough-plus-clinical models were submitted. AUROCs for cough models ranged from 0.69 to 0.74, and the highest performing model achieved 55.5% specificity (95% confidence interval, 47.7%\u201364.2%) at 80% sensitivity. The addition of clinical data improved AUROCs (range, 0.78\u20130.83); 5 of the 6 models reached the target pAUROC, and the highest performing model had 73.8% specificity (95% confidence interval, 60.8%\u201380.0%) at 80% sensitivity. The AUROC varied by country and was higher among male and human immunodeficiency virus\u2013negative individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a short period, an open-access data challenge facilitated the development of new cough-based tuberculosis algorithms and demonstrated potential as a tuberculosis screening tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T11:39:26Z","timestamp":1757849966000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Accelerating Cough-Based Algorithms for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Screening: Results From the CODA TB DREAM Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8555-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devan","family":"Jaganath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco , California, San Francisco ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis, University of California , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1033-0954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solveig K","family":"Sieberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sage Bionetworks , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8857-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaja","family":"Raberahona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Joseph Rasera Befelatanana , Antananarivo 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