{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:46:09Z","timestamp":1790934369187,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lomentospora prolificans is an environmental mold that is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Here we present a case of disseminated Lomentospora in a patient with refractory acute myeloid leukemia. In general, disseminated mold infections can be challenging to diagnose. The diagnosis in this case was delayed due to a false positive direct from a blood culture multiplex polymerase chain reaction result for Candida tropicalis due to amplification of nonviable DNA and misidentification of conidia as yeast forms on gram stain. The Lomentospora isolate was resistant to all commercially available antifungal agents, and the patient ultimately succumbed to the infection. This case provides an opportunity to review disseminated Lomentospora infections, the associated diagnostic challenges, and limited treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T11:52:17Z","timestamp":1758628337000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Masquerading Yeast: A Case Report of\n                    <i>Lomentospora prolificans<\/i>\n                    Fungemia With a Diagnostic Twist"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1547-560X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke A","family":"Fenlon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, Utah ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9043-0420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeraja","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071317","article-title":"Lomentospora prolificans: an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen","volume":"10","author":"Konsoula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0000423","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00004-23","article-title":"Scedosporiosis and lomentosporiosis: modern perspectives on these difficult-to-treat rare mold infections","volume":"37","author":"Neoh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12010067","article-title":"Lomentospora prolificans disseminated infections: a systematic review of reported cases","volume":"12","author":"Konsoula","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00039-07","article-title":"Infections caused by Scedosporium spp","volume":"21","author":"Cortez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13703","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13703","article-title":"A systematic review and disability-adjusted life years of Scedosporium\/Lomentospora infection in patients after near-drowning","volume":"67","author":"Kermani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa086","article-title":"Scedosporiosis\/lomentosporiosis Observational Study (SOS): clinical significance of Scedosporium species identification","volume":"59","author":"Bronnimann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0178420","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01784-20","article-title":"Recognition of diagnostic gaps for laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases: expert opinion from the Fungal Diagnostics Laboratories Consortium (FDLC)","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae203","article-title":"Breakthrough invasive fungal infections in patients with high-risk hematological disorders receiving voriconazole and posaconazole prophylaxis: a systematic review","volume":"79","author":"Boutin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.15592","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal disease due to moulds other than Aspergillus in the haematology\/oncology setting, 2021","volume":"51","author":"Bupha-Intr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e246","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30784-2","article-title":"Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in Cooperation With the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology","volume":"21","author":"Hoenigl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.01.012","article-title":"Voriconazole plus terbinafine combination antifungal therapy for invasive Lomentospora prolificans infections: analysis of 41 patients from the FungiScope\u00ae registry 2008\u20132019","volume":"26","author":"Jenks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"myad061","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myad061","article-title":"Performance of the beta-glucan test for the diagnosis of invasive fusariosis and scedosporiosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Lamoth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12470","article-title":"Identifying the emerging human pathogen Scedosporium prolificans by using a species-specific monoclonal antibody that binds to the melanin biosynthetic enzyme tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase","volume":"17","author":"Thornton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7010023","article-title":"Scedosporium and Lomentospora infections: contemporary microbiological tools for the diagnosis of invasive disease","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B15"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B16"},{"key":"2025102314060086700_ofaf598-B17"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious 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