{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T03:07:39Z","timestamp":1771038459529,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"German Centre for Infection Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"German Research Council","award":["SFB 1648\/1 2024\u2013512741711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 1648\/1 2024\u2013512741711"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia","award":["76.06.04-20\/2024-6626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["76.06.04-20\/2024-6626"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia","award":["CP2-1-1B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP2-1-1B"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia","award":["STE 1954\/8-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STE 1954\/8-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Measles continues to pose a major public health threat worldwide. Reoccurring outbreaks are fueled by declining vaccination rates, increased global travel, migration, and disruptions in immunization programs. Consequently, hygiene measures remain essential to prevent transmission, particularly in health care settings where nosocomial infections can occur.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To address this, we tested virus inactivation by common oral rinses, as primary transmission occurs via aerosols and droplets, using a quantitative suspension assay in accordance with European guidelines. We further evaluated World Health Organization\u2013recommended hand rub formulations based on ethanol and 2-propanol with the same assay. After confirming that measles virus remains viable for several hours on stainless steel, we assessed the efficacy of surface disinfectants, including alcohol-, aldehyde-, and hydrogen peroxide\u2013based products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The virus was effectively inactivated by World Health Organization\u2013recommended hand rub formulations, oral rinses, and surface disinfectants, demonstrating the effectiveness of standard hygiene measures in infection control. These findings underscore the critical importance of consistent hygiene practices in limiting measles transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T11:58:53Z","timestamp":1759492733000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Susceptibility of Measles Virus to World Health Organization\u2013Recommended Hand Rubs, Oral Rinses, and Surface Disinfectants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0117-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas Daniel","family":"Sandoval Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development, Centre for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2836-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marylyn Martina","family":"Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development, Centre for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eike","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, External Partner Site Bochum , Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8962-9443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toni Luise","family":"Meister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development, Centre for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems , Hamburg 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