{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T22:13:20Z","timestamp":1779315200384,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI155045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI155045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid with or without moxifloxacin (BPaL\/M) are recommended oral 6-month treatment regimens for multidrug- or rifampin-resistant (MDR\/RR) tuberculosis (TB). Since the US rollout of these regimens in 2019, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and partners have identified patients who failed or relapsed on these regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we report a case series of US patients with TB treated with BPaL\/M-containing regimens, who experienced adverse outcomes during the period 2022\u20122024, including drug resistance, relapse, and treatment failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical and public health outcomes were significant for US patients reported. There were 8 patients identified (n = 8). 5 (62.5%) were male, with a median age 57 years, 2 (25%) were previously treated for TB, and 8 (100%) presented with cavitary disease. This included a patient who died from infectious TB with acquired resistance after exposing over 100 healthcare workers, a waitress who was found to have highly infectious TB at the time of her relapse, and a son who contracted Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with reduced activity to bedaquiline from his mother in a household transmission event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These patients highlight consequences, both for the individual and public health, of relapse and treatment failure in real-life operational settings that may not be readily evident in well-controlled and well-resourced clinical trials. Despite the advent of shorter and better tolerated bedaquiline-based regimens, US clinicians continue to face challenges in managing drug-resistant TB. These data support the need for expert management of these patients beyond routine TB care, as well as the need for close monitoring and follow-up months after treatment completion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:30:33Z","timestamp":1767702633000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relapse and Emergent Resistance With Novel Short-Course Regimens for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, United States, 2022\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9424-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rina","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center , Bronx, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3362-1818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James C M","family":"Brust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center , Bronx, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4435-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Escuyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Albany, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6223-4839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek T","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Parrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3466-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Valois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Public Health Laboratories , Jacksonville, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Claire","family":"Rowlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Public Health Laboratories , Jacksonville, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atanaska","family":"Marinova-Petkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory P","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Philadelphia Tuberculosis Control Program , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3312-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah M","family":"Labuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Colon-Semidey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Puerto Rico Department of Health , Puerto Rico Tuberculosis Control Program, Puerto Rico ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8290-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connie A","family":"Haley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern National Tuberculosis Center, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ashkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern National Tuberculosis Center, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9002-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles A","family":"Peloquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3273-1097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred","family":"Lardizabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Newark, New Jersey ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amee","family":"Patrawalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Newark, New Jersey ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Cuenca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Social Services, Guam Department of Public Health , Dededo, Guam ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2237-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle K","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Curry International Tuberculosis Center , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Brostrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chima","family":"Mbakwem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Social Services, Guam Department of Public Health , Dededo, Guam ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6165-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos C","family":"Schechter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Georgia Department of Public Health , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6327-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan M","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Georgia Department of Public Health , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3943-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Cummins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tennessee Department of Health , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8767-2149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah Refugee Health and TB Control Program , Salt Lake City, Utah ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Arn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah Refugee Health and TB Control Program , Salt Lake City, Utah ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa L","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Curry International Tuberculosis Center , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Center for Tuberculosis , Rochester, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4508-9144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neela D","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B1","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B2","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B3","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901814","article-title":"Treatment of highly drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"382","author":"Conradie","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2119430","article-title":"Bedaquiline-pretomanid-linezolid regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"387","author":"Conradie","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2117166","article-title":"A 24-week, all-oral regimen for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"387","author":"Nyang'wa","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B7","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B8","author":"Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202410-2096ST","article-title":"Updates on the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis: an official ATS\/CDC\/ERS\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"211","author":"Saukkonen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa136","article-title":"Systematic review of mutations associated with resistance to the new and repurposed Mycobacterium tuberculosis drugs bedaquiline, clofazimine, linezolid, delamanid and pretomanid","volume":"75","author":"Kadura","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B11","volume-title":"Best practices for clinical management of tuberculosis with expanded resistance: a field guide","author":"The BETTER Project","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2119461","article-title":"Pretomanid in the treatment of patients with tuberculosis in the United States","volume":"387","author":"Goswami","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2024.100426","article-title":"Relapse after treatment with standardized all-oral short regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Reza Yosofi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0002283","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002283","article-title":"Baseline and acquired resistance to bedaquiline, linezolid and pretomanid, and impact on treatment outcomes in four tuberculosis clinical trials containing pretomanid","volume":"3","author":"Timm","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2404644","article-title":"Transmission as a key driver of resistance to the new tuberculosis drugs","volume":"392","author":"Goig","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2905.221716","article-title":"Therapeutic failure and acquired bedaquiline and delamanid resistance in treatment of drug-resistant TB","volume":"29","author":"Millard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2025.101380","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Europe: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Kherabi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B18","volume-title":"Tuberculosis: multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) or rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz167","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz167","article-title":"Tuberculosis in the United States: medical consultation services provided by 5 tuberculosis regional training and medical consultation centers, 2013-2017","volume":"6","author":"Goswami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf027","article-title":"Linezolid dosing and pharmacokinetics in North American patients with tuberculosis","volume":"81","author":"Maranchick","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.10.014","article-title":"Linezolid for treating tuberculosis: a delicate balancing act","volume":"2","author":"Maartens","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B22","author":"WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B23","author":"Moultrie"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e972","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00172-6","article-title":"Bedaquiline resistance in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Cape Town, South Africa: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Derendinger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300639","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00639-2023","article-title":"Baseline and treatment-emergent bedaquiline resistance in drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Perumal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3003.240134","article-title":"Bedaquiline resistance after effective treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, Namibia","volume":"30","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B27","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Reference Laboratory"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B28","author":"New York State Wadsworth Laboratories"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B29","author":"Johns Hopkin University Reference Laboratory"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B30","author":"Florida State Public Health Laboratories"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2103049","article-title":"Bedaquiline-resistant tuberculosis associated with Rv0678 mutations","volume":"386","author":"Omar","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102135","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102135","article-title":"Acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to bedaquiline","volume":"9","author":"Andries","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B33","volume-title":"Catalogue of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and their association with drug resistance","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00479-20","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00479-20","article-title":"A multimethod, multicountry evaluation of breakpoints for bedaquiline resistance determination","volume":"64","author":"Ismail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2022.100128","article-title":"Pretomanid for tuberculosis treatment: an update for clinical purposes","volume":"3","author":"Occhineri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008287","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008287","article-title":"Predicting nitroimidazole antibiotic resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with protein engineering","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106953","article-title":"Pretomanid resistance: an update on emergence, mechanisms and relevance for clinical practice","volume":"62","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz206","article-title":"Linezolid resistance in patients with drug-resistant TB and treatment failure in South Africa","volume":"74","author":"Wasserman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-1043-y","article-title":"The role of fluoroquinolones in the treatment of tuberculosis in 2019","volume":"79","author":"Pranger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00643-25","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00643-25","article-title":"Diagnostics and new treatment regimens for TB: can the Xpert MTB\/XDR assay fill the gap for fluoroquinolone testing?","volume":"63","author":"Armstrong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00223-8","article-title":"Bedaquiline-pretomanid-moxifloxacin-pyrazinamide for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treatment: a phase 2c, open-label, multicentre, partially randomised controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Cevik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.20.0513","article-title":"A partially randomised trial of pretomanid, moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide for pulmonary TB","volume":"25","author":"Tweed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2400327","article-title":"Oral regimens for rifampin-resistant, fluoroquinolone-susceptible tuberculosis","volume":"392","author":"Guglielmetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B44","author":"The Working Group for New TB Drugs"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Conradie","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.05.04.25326549"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(25)00194-8","article-title":"Bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, and clofazimine for rifampicin-resistant and fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis (endTB-Q): an open-label, multicentre, stratified, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"13","author":"Guglielmetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01883-9","article-title":"9 months of delamanid, linezolid, levofloxacin, and pyrazinamide versus conventional therapy for treatment of fluoroquinolone-sensitive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-END): a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 2\/3 non-inferiority trial in South Korea","volume":"400","author":"Mok","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7235a4","article-title":"Outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis\u2014Kansas, 2021-2022","volume":"72","author":"Groenweghe","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6735a6","article-title":"Notes from the field: acquisition of delamanid under a compassionate use program for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis\u2014United States, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Lardizabal","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20019-5","article-title":"The impact of diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis recurrence in Eastern China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis1008","article-title":"Aggressive regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis reduce recurrence","volume":"56","author":"Franke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00426-5","article-title":"Bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid with or without moxifloxacin for tuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"Labuda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad312","article-title":"Implementation of bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid in the United States: experience using a novel all-oral treatment regimen for treatment of rifampin-resistant or rifampin-intolerant tuberculosis disease","volume":"77","author":"Haley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B54","author":"STOP TB Partnership"},{"key":"2026011413392332900_ofaf786-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.25.0240","article-title":"Clinical best practices for caring for people with expanded resistance to newer TB drugs","volume":"2","author":"Nkomo","year":"2025","journal-title":"IJTLD Open"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/1\/ofaf786\/66414089\/ofaf786.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/1\/ofaf786\/66414089\/ofaf786.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T18:39:34Z","timestamp":1768415974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf786\/8425647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf786","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"article-number":"ofaf786"}}