{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T04:04:38Z","timestamp":1769573078090,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI068634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI068634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI068636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI068636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI069471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI069471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI106701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI106701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Change in liver fibrosis was studied over 5 years after cure of hepatitis C (HCV) in participants with and without HIV from the Viral Hepatitis C Infection Long-Term Cohort Study (VHICS). Markers of liver fibrosis included aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio (APRI), fibrosis 4 index (FIB-4), and a direct measure of extracellular matrix, enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF). We evaluated 122 participants without HIV and 128 with HIV. At study entry, which occurred on average 30 weeks after antiviral completion, more participants had severe fibrosis by ELF (21%) than FIB-4 (7%) or APRI (1%). ELF scores were not available before entry into VHICS. The proportions of participants in predefined ELF categories were similar between the 2 groups at study entry and over time. Advanced fibrosis by ELF did not decrease over time. Clinical events were observed in 44 (12%): 29 HCV\/HIV and 15 HCV participants. HCV\/HIV participants had a 1.95 times higher risk of developing a clinical event, compared to HCV. A lower entry ELF score was numerically associated with a lower risk of a clinical event. There was an association between VHICS entry ELF and time to first targeted liver diagnosis or all-cause death (hazard ratio; 95% CI, 0.268 [.094-.763], P = .014). In conclusion, APRI and FIB-4 decreases occurred early after direct-acting antiretroviral therapy, likely from decreased necroinflammation. ELF identified participants who continued to have advanced liver fibrosis and was associated with development of liver outcomes and death. Studies after sustained virologic response should include longer term follow up to monitor for clinical events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:43:11Z","timestamp":1767876191000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis Change After DAA-induced Cure of Hepatitis C in Participants With and Without HIV: ACTG A5320 Viral Hepatitis C Infection Long-term Cohort Study (VHICS)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1484-4752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion G","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0150-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minhee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research in the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2732-2304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3750-5924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David L","family":"Wyles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center , Denver, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04500.x","article-title":"Assessment of liver fibrosis before and after antiviral therapy by different serum marker panels in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"33","author":"Martinez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.052","article-title":"Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study","volume":"127","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.203166","article-title":"Enhanced liver fibrosis test can predict clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Parkes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000975","article-title":"Enhanced liver fibrosis marker as a noninvasive predictor of mortality in HIV\/hepatitis C virus-coinfected women from a multicenter study of women with or at risk for HIV","volume":"30","author":"Peters","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad115","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad115","article-title":"Adverse impact of HIV-1 on long-term outcomes following HCV DAA treatment: final results of ACTG A5320, the Viral Hepatitis C Infection Long-term Cohort Study (VHICS)","volume":"10","author":"Wyles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50346","article-title":"A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"38","author":"Wai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21178","article-title":"Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV\/HCV coinfection","volume":"43","author":"Sterling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2018.027359","article-title":"Derivation and performance of standardized enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test thresholds for the detection and prognosis of liver fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Day","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.04.039","article-title":"FibroScan (vibration-controlled transient elastography): where does it stand in the United States practice","volume":"13","author":"Tapper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0155967","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155967","article-title":"Serological tests do not predict residual fibrosis in hepatitis C cirrhotics with a sustained virological response to interferon","volume":"11","author":"D'Ambrosio","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa702","article-title":"Liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection before and after sustained virologic response: what is the best noninvasive marker for monitoring regression?","volume":"73","author":"Kronfli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891398","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.891398","article-title":"Enhanced liver fibrosis score as a noninvasive biomarker in hepatitis C virus patients after direct-acting antiviral agents","volume":"13","author":"Cossiga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02539-6","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of circulating biomarkers for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"29","author":"Sanyal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026011413424300000_ofaf804-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i11.1269","article-title":"Fatty liver in hepatitis C patients post-sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals","volume":"24","author":"Noureddin","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/1\/ofaf804\/66415435\/ofaf804.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/1\/ofaf804\/66415435\/ofaf804.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T18:42:47Z","timestamp":1768416167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf804\/8425810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf804","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"article-number":"ofaf804"}}