{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T17:15:32Z","timestamp":1774977332050,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mycoplasma genitalium is an increasingly recognized sexually transmitted infection (STI) associated with urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Its management, though, is complicated by rapid expansion of antimicrobial resistance. Because M. genitalium lacks a cell wall, treatment options are limited to macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Widespread macrolide resistance, along with rising fluoroquinolone and dual-class resistance, has made refractory infection a common and challenging clinical scenario. Current guidelines recommend staged, resistance guided-therapy using a doxycycline lead-in followed by azithromycin for macrolide-susceptible infection or moxifloxacin for macrolide-resistant infection. However, access to macrolide resistance testing remains inconsistent; fluoroquinolone resistance testing is largely unavailable in routine practice, and correlations between resistance markers and clinical failure are incomplete. This review summarizes contemporary standard-of-care treatment strategies and emerging approaches for resistant or refractory M. genitalium infection. It also highlights critical gaps in diagnostic capacity, clinical trial data, and the antimicrobial development pipeline for STIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T12:38:00Z","timestamp":1768999080000},"page":"S1381-S1389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment Approaches for Refractory\n                    <i>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/i>\n                    Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Tenney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NewYork ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Montefiore Medical Center , Bronx, NewYork, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernesto R","family":"Portillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NewYork ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Montefiore Medical Center , Bronx, NewYork, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Bacic Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NewYork ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Montefiore Medical Center , Bronx, NewYork, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6477-9867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian A","family":"Torres Isasiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NewYork ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Montefiore Medical Center , Bronx, NewYork, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Workowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ312","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Lis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:82532","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30154-7","article-title":"Prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma genitalium: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Machalek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-053060","article-title":"Which azithromycin regimen should be used for treating Mycoplasma genitalium? A meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Horner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1031","article-title":"Resistance-guided antimicrobial therapy using doxycycline-moxifloxacin and doxycycline-2.5 g azithromycin for the treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium infection: efficacy and tolerability","volume":"71","author":"Durukan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy477","article-title":"Outcomes of resistance-guided sequential treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium infections: a prospective evaluation","volume":"68","author":"Read","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e624","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa293","article-title":"Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium infection, antimicrobial resistance mutations, and symptom resolution following treatment of urethritis","volume":"71","author":"Bachmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17972","article-title":"2021 European guideline on the management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections","volume":"36","author":"Jensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B10","volume-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium management in adults","author":"DiMarco","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053823","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium incidence, persistence, concordance between partners and progression: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Cina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis1210","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium incidence, organism load, and treatment failure in a cohort of young Australian women","volume":"56","author":"Walker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S105469","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium infections: current treatment options and resistance issues","volume":"10","author":"Sethi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evolving patterns of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume-title":"Lancet Microbe","author":"Chua","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01023-3","article-title":"Antimicrobial treatment and resistance in sexually transmitted bacterial infections","volume":"22","author":"Jensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.07.095","article-title":"The structural basis of macrolide-ribosome binding assessed using mutagenesis of 23S rRNA positions 2058 and 2059","volume":"342","author":"Pfister","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105911","article-title":"Molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"55","author":"van der Schalk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Cadosch","DOI":"10.1101\/321216"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw719","article-title":"Azithromycin 1.5 g over 5 days compared to 1 g single dose in urethral Mycoplasma genitalium: impact on treatment outcome and resistance","volume":"64","author":"Read","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8913","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8913","article-title":"Understanding the spread of de novo and transmitted macrolide-resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"8","author":"Cadosch","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad057","article-title":"Gyra mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium and their contribution to moxifloxacin failure: time for the next generation of resistance-guided therapy","volume":"76","author":"Murray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad590","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad590","article-title":"Efficacy of sitafloxacin for Mycoplasma genitalium in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance","volume":"10","author":"Samra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.08.031","article-title":"HIV-1 Drug resistance and resistance testing","volume":"46","author":"Clutter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00020-21","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00020-21","article-title":"Performance of three commercial molecular diagnostic assays for the simultaneous detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and macrolide resistance","volume":"59","author":"Roy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6):","key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02312-16","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of ResistancePlus MG, a new Multiplex quantitative PCR assay for detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and macrolide resistance","volume":"55","author":"Tabrizi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3):","key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01900-19","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01900-19","article-title":"Evaluation of the ResistancePlus MG FleXible assay for detection of wild-type and 23S rRNA-mutated Mycoplasma genitalium strains","volume":"58","author":"Drud","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0079021","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00790-21","article-title":"Latest advances in laboratory detection of Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"61","author":"Waites","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271392","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1271392","article-title":"Detection of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated 23S rRNA and parC mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium by nested real-time PCR","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2023.02.009","article-title":"Update in epidemiology and management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections","volume":"37","author":"Wood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12856","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63056-1","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of resistance-guided therapy for Mycoplasma genitalium in Australia","volume":"14","author":"Adawiyah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1058","article-title":"Combination therapy for Mycoplasma genitalium, and new insights into the utility of parC mutant detection to improve cure","volume":"75","author":"Vodstrcil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e267","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00629-0","article-title":"Individualised treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium infection-incorporation of fluoroquinolone resistance testing into clinical care","volume":"22","author":"Sweeney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.4.318","article-title":"Tetracycline treatment does not eradicate Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"79","author":"Falk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B34","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Moxifloxacin and sitafloxacin treatment failure in Mycoplasma genitalium infection: association with parC mutation G248T (S83I) and concurrent gyrA mutations","volume":"221","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8):","key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.191806","article-title":"Doxycycline and sitafloxacin combination therapy for treating highly resistant Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"26","author":"Durukan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaa291","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa291","article-title":"Nonquinolone options for the treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium in the era of increased resistance","volume":"7","author":"Doyle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056247","article-title":"Successful minocycline treatment for multidrug-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium proctitis","volume":"100","author":"Tarhini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf142","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of the combination of minocycline and metronidazole for macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"80","author":"Htaik","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw405","article-title":"Successful outcome of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium urethritis after spectinomycin treatment: a case report","volume":"72","author":"Falk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2025.102775","article-title":"Effectiveness of intramuscular spectinomycin in difficult-to-treat Mycoplasma genitalium urethritis in four cases","volume":"31","author":"Nagase","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S412","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix132","article-title":"New horizons in Mycoplasma genitalium treatment","volume":"216","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0365422","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03654-22","article-title":"Omadacycline is highly active in vitro against Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"10","author":"Waites","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056338","article-title":"Lefamulin for Mycoplasma genitalium treatment failure in Australia and the USA: a case series and pilot open-label parallel arm randomised trial","volume":"101","author":"Ramchandani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02380","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02380-17","article-title":"In vitro activity of lefamulin against sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens","volume":"62","author":"Paukner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0134624","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01346-24","article-title":"In vitro test of the novel antibiotic lefamulin alone and in combination with doxycycline against Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"69","author":"Salado-Rasmussen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky022","article-title":"In vitro activity of zoliflodacin (ETX0914) against macrolide-resistant, fluoroquinolone-resistant and antimicrobial-susceptible Mycoplasma genitalium strains","volume":"73","author":"Dami\u00e3o Gouveia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"6):","key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02411-14","article-title":"In vitro activity of the new fluoroketolide solithromycin (CEM-101) against macrolide-resistant and -susceptible Mycoplasma genitalium strains","volume":"58","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1775498","article-title":"In vitro activity of the first-in-class triazaacenaphthylene gepotidacin alone and in combination with doxycycline against drug-resistant and -susceptible Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"9","author":"Jensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"10):","key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01064-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01064-17","article-title":"In vitro activities of gepotidacin (GSK2140944) and other antimicrobial agents against human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas","volume":"61","author":"Waites","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70046","article-title":"Outcomes of sequential therapy with minocycline and sitafloxacin versus sitafloxacin monotherapy for Mycoplasma genitalium infections","volume":"32","author":"Kobori","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad427","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad427","article-title":"Efficacy of minocycline for the treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"10","author":"Clarke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2025-056517","article-title":"Combination therapy for multidrug-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium infections: a case series","volume":"102","author":"Vanbaelen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2402.170902","article-title":"Use of pristinamycin for macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium infection","volume":"24","author":"Read","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416688562","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the efficacy of moxifloxacin in treating Mycoplasma genitalium infection","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000002101","article-title":"Successful treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium urethritis with high-dose tinidazole","volume":"52","author":"Liscynesky","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad405","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium in the US (MyGeniUS): surveillance data from sexual health clinics in 4 US regions","volume":"77","author":"Manhart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054124","article-title":"Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and macrolide resistance among asymptomatic people visiting a point of care service for rapid STI screening: a cross-sectional study","volume":"96","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Huerta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026033112245300400_ofag031-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S420","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix200","article-title":"Developing a public health response to Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"216","author":"Golden","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/Supplement_2\/S1381\/67659118\/ofag031.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/Supplement_2\/S1381\/67659118\/ofag031.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T16:25:06Z","timestamp":1774974306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/13\/Supplement_2\/S1381\/8559644"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofag031","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]}}}