{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:01:33Z","timestamp":1790283693285,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diagnosis of P. jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in immunosuppressed, HIV-negative patients is often limited by the inability to perform a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) due to respiratory insufficiency. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of combining serum beta-D-glucan (BDG) testing with P. jirovecii polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in oral wash (OW) samples as noninvasive tools for PJP diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective, single-center study including all immunosuppressed non-HIV adult patients with suspected PJP in whom a Fujifilm Wako \u03b2-glucan test BDG and BAL PJ in-house PCR determination were performed during a 5-year period (2019\u20132024). The diagnostic performance (negative predictive value [NPV], positive predictive value [PPV], and accuracy) of BDG alone, OW PJ PCR alone, and combined with OW PJ PCR, when available, was assessed in patients with PJP. PJP diagnosis was established according to EORTC\/MSGERC 2021 criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred fourteen patients were included. PJP was confirmed in 15 patients (13.2%), of whom 14 had a positive BDG determination (median [interquartile range], 55.32\u2005[19.98\u2013137.90] pg\/mL). BDG PPV was low (51.7%), but the overall accuracy (87.7%) for PJP diagnosis was good. Forty-seven (41%) patients had an OW performed, 11 of whom were diagnosed with PJP. The combined use of BDG and OW PJ PCR showed a high PPV (100%) and NPV (97.3%) and an excellent diagnostic accuracy (97.9%) for PJP diagnosis in this patient subset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The additional use of OW PJ PCR to BDG should be considered as an accurate, noninvasive combined diagnostic strategy for PJP diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T10:15:19Z","timestamp":1769422519000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combined Serum (1,3)-\u03b2-D-Glucan and Oral Wash PCR as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Strategy for Early Detection of\n                    <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/i>\n                    Pneumonia: An Observational Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1774-679X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Falc\u00f3-Roget","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Medicine Department, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9852-5574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adaia","family":"Albasanz-Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Medicine Department, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Vall Hebron Institut de 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Unit of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1ndido","family":"D\u00edaz-Lagares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Department, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Intensive Care Department, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Revilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus , Barcelona 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