{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T21:27:44Z","timestamp":1775856464402,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identification of the microorganisms causing infection in children with central nervous system infection is important. Conventional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests may provide limited pathogen detection. CSF metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) may provide broader pathogen detection in a single assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results of CSF mNGS testing performed at Mayo Clinic on patients and nonpatients between January 2024 and June 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. The subcohort of children treated at Mayo Clinic was analyzed to assess test performance as compared with conventional CSF diagnostics and potential clinical impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total 134 patients (138 CSF mNGS tests) from 22 US states and 2 international sites were included. Overall positivity was 16% with viruses representing most (59%) detections. In the Mayo Clinic subcohort (n = 15), test positivity was 27%: organisms included single detections of Streptococcus mitis group and HIV type 1, as well as 2 detections of Epstein-Barr virus, all confirmed by conventional tests. Positive results were associated with CSF pleocytosis (P = .026). Higher yield was observed in participants whose care was overseen by pediatric infectious diseases (PID) specialists (P = .026) and when a specimen hold strategy was applied (P = .033). Most results (87%) did not alter antimicrobial therapy, with 2 negative results contributing to antimicrobial de-escalation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CSF mNGS demonstrated higher diagnostic yield in patients whose specimens showed CSF pleocytosis and in those who had PID consultation. Diagnostic stewardship strategies were applied, including specimen hold approaches and PID consultation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T12:43:00Z","timestamp":1770208980000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cerebrospinal Fluid Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Pediatric Central Nervous System Infection: Clinical Experience and Diagnostic Stewardship Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-8933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 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Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5908-0231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth H","family":"Ristagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda A","family":"Rodning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 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