{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T15:16:28Z","timestamp":1793718988372,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) for streptococcal bacteremia are infrequently positive and may not provide sufficient clinical impact to justify the time and resources expended for their routine use. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of and risk factors for positive FUBCs in patients with streptococcal bacteremia and to compare clinical outcomes among patients with or without positive FUBCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed hospitalized patients with streptococcal bacteremia from September 2023 to June 2024 within a multisite health system. Patients \u226518 years old with \u22651 positive blood culture for a Streptococcus species were included. Patients with polymicrobial bacteremia, those who died or were discharged to hospice within 48\u2005hours of their index culture, and Minnesota residents who declined research authorization were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 454 patients, with 48 (10.6%) having positive FUBCs. The rate of positivity ranged from 0% for Streptococcus pyogenes to 18.5% for Streptococcus anginosus. Endocarditis and osteomyelitis were more common in the positive than in the negative FUBC group (22.9% vs 12.1%, respectively, for endocarditis [P = .04] and 16.7% vs 5.4% [P = .005] for osteomyelitis). Positive FUBCs were associated with a higher incidence of infection relapse (8.5% vs 2.7%; P = .047) and longer duration of antibiotics (30 vs 16 days; P = .01), but no differences in mortality rate, length of stay, or infection-related readmission were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive FUBCs were infrequent for S pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and group C and G streptococci. It may be reasonable to forego FUBC for these streptococcal species if endocarditis or osteomyelitis are not clinically suspected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:33:56Z","timestamp":1770726836000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Frequency and Predictors of Positive Follow-up Blood Cultures in Patients with Streptococcal Bacteremia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Samantha R","family":"Tuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System , Mankato, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0976-7905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Corsini","family":"Campioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic Health System , Mankato, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8783-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0200-1782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kellie N Arensman","family":"Hannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030204412117600_ofag055-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.09.011","article-title":"The daily risk of bacteremia during hospitalization and associated 30-day mortality evaluated in relation to the traditional classification of bacteremia","volume":"44","author":"Nielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"2026030204412117600_ofag055-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa039","article-title":"Does this patient need blood cultures? 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A prospectively derived and validated prediction rule","volume":"35","author":"Shapiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026030204412117600_ofag055-B4","author":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health"},{"key":"2026030204412117600_ofag055-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix648","article-title":"Follow-up blood cultures in gram-negative bacteremia: are they needed?","volume":"65","author":"Canzoneri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026030204412117600_ofag055-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000865","article-title":"Follow-up blood culture in gram-negative bacilli bacteraemia: for whom is follow-up blood culture useful?","volume":"35","author":"Giannella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026030204412117600_ofag055-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.55729\/2000-9666.1131","article-title":"Follow-up blood cultures in gram-negative bacteremia: how do they impact outcomes?","volume":"12","author":"Elamin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect"},{"key":"2026030204412117600_ofag055-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir034","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children: executive summary","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"2026030204412117600_ofag055-B9","article-title":"Sending repeat cultures: is there a role in the management of bacteremic episodes? 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