{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T13:15:59Z","timestamp":1773321359114,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30122C13330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30122C13330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006823","name":"Boston Children's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and SARS-CoV-2 can cause acute respiratory failure in children. We compared characteristics and outcomes of children aged &amp;lt;2 years with respiratory failure from infection with RSV, SARS-CoV-2, or both viruses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from a US pediatric respiratory virus hospitalization surveillance network including children with ICU admission for acute respiratory failure (receiving high-flow oxygen or mechanical ventilation) with RSV and\/or SARS-CoV-2 during November 2023\u2013March 2024. Demographic, clinical characteristics, and hospitalization outcomes were stratified by a positive test for RSV, SARS-CoV-2, or both viruses, and compared using chi-squared or Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests. Multivariable analyses assessed independent associations between outcomes and infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 1406 children were included: 1253 (89.1%) for RSV, 105 (7.5%) for COVID-19, and 48 (3.4%) with RSV + SARS-CoV-2 detected. Children with RSV or RSV + SARS-CoV-2 had lower median ages (3.9 and 5.4 months, respectively) compared with those with SARS-CoV-2 (8.8 months; P &amp;lt; .001). Twenty percent of children with RSV and 43.8% with COVID-19 had an underlying medical condition. Among infants aged &amp;lt;1 year for whom preterm status was available, 31.5% with RSV and 50% with COVID-19 had either prematurity or a comorbidity. Children with SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to require invasive mechanical ventilation, receive vasoactive infusions, and die compared with RSV with and without SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Critically ill children &amp;lt;2 years of age infected with SARS-CoV-2 had more severe illness presentation and outcomes and were older compared with those with RSV and RSV + SARS-CoV-2 codetection. Most children were previously healthy, highlighting the need for prevention measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T12:52:42Z","timestamp":1772283162000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics of Young Children Hospitalized With Acute Respiratory Failure From Infection With Respiratory Syncytial Virus, SARS-CoV-2, or Both, November 2023\u2013March 2024"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2779-3747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina M","family":"Simeone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 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