{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:49:07Z","timestamp":1776412147901,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SHCS","award":["no. 855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 855"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010474","name":"Swiss HIV Cohort Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010474","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Yvonne Jacob Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1; PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suppressed viremia usually experience a decrease in HIV DNA over time, but about 25% experience an increase. Some also experience intermittent viremia. The reasons for and potential clinical implications of increases in the HIV reservoir remain unclear and a major concern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we longitudinally characterized the proviral landscape in 4 distinct groups of PWH (n = 40) successfully treated with ART over 10.4 years without any viral failure, presenting either an increase or decrease of total HIV DNA levels and experiencing or not experiencing intermittent viremia, by intact proviral DNA assay and near-full-length HIV proviral sequencing in bulk and on the single proviral level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A decrease in intact proviruses was observed in all groups, independent of total HIV DNA level dynamics and viral load kinetics by both intact proviral DNA assay and single proviral sequencing. Genetic distances and diversities of individuals' proviral sequences did not increase over time in any group. Although new drug resistance mutations were occasionally observed in proviral DNA, numbers did not differ significantly between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results show that the increase in HIV DNA levels is driven by an increase in defective proviruses, also in PWH experiencing intermittent viremia. Furthermore, we did not see evidence of evolution of the HIV reservoir, regardless of HIV reservoir size dynamics and viral load kinetics over a follow-up period of 10 years with ART. Nevertheless, PWH with intermittent viremia should be monitored frequently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:43:19Z","timestamp":1774010599000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Similar Changes in Proviral Landscapes Over 10 Years in 40 Individuals With Diverging HIV Reservoir Dynamics and Viral Load Kinetics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4163-6338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmin","family":"Tschumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"J\u00f6rimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6822-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Zeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5034-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0088-5078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"St\u00f6ckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel , Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9724-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enos","family":"Bernasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, University of Geneva and University of Southern Switzerland , Lugano ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Yerly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Laboratory Medicine Division, University Hospital of Geneva , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0933-7833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Cavassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne , Lausanne ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5297-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andri","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern 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