{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:34:06Z","timestamp":1781022846039,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Science, Technology, and Technological Innovation"},{"name":"National Program for Scientific Research and Advanced Studies"},{"name":"Becas en Programas de Doctorado en Alianzas Interinstitucionales","award":["PE501089522-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE501089522-2024"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K43TW011137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K43TW011137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause significant morbidity and mortality in South America. Despite the advances in active case finding and early treatment initiation as core strategies to decrease TB and HIV transmissions, additional efforts are needed to achieve control and eventual elimination of these 2 epidemics. Availability and implementation of preventive strategies using shorter, rifamycin-based regimens for TB preventive therapy and long-acting injectables for HIV prevention are still a challenge in the South American region. In this report, we discuss opportunities to accelerate TB and HIV prevention in the region. We present examples of novel TB and HIV surveillance and prevention initiatives among high-risk groups and vulnerable populations in countries within the region, using precision public health approaches and leveraging digital health and artificial intelligence tools. Finally, we propose a roadmap for ending TB and HIV in South America.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T12:52:38Z","timestamp":1773838358000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Challenges and Opportunities for Improved Tuberculosis and HIV Prevention in South America"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0633-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cender U","family":"Quispe-Juli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Tecnol\u00f3gicas Biom\u00e9dicas y Medioambientales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5142-1954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A","family":"Gallardo-Cartagena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Tecnol\u00f3gicas Biom\u00e9dicas y Medioambientales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8348-4340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6833-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno B","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Salvador ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative , Salvador ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Translacional, Faculdade Zarns, Clariens Educa\u00e7\u00e3o , Salvador ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6665-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Croda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Salvador ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5447-3469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria D","family":"Cantos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2571-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Mendoza-Ticona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios en Salud , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1833-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra L","family":"Valderrama-Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Bogot\u00e1 ,","place":["Colombia"]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio , Bogot\u00e1 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7707-1363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Sequera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Salud P\u00fablica, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n ,","place":["Paraguay"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6839-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moises A","family":"Huaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Ohio 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