{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:47:47Z","timestamp":1776689267665,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"AbbVie Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative pathogens is a global threat, with children particularly vulnerable due to limited treatment options and age-specific clinical outcomes data. Ceftazidime\/avibactam (CZA) is effective against resistant gram-negative bacteria and demonstrates high success rates in adults; however, pediatric data remain limited. This study examined CZA use in children across United States medical centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study included pediatric patients (&amp;lt;18 years) who received \u226548\u2005hours of CZA for suspected or confirmed gram-negative infections between February 2015 and October 2023. The primary outcome was clinical success, defined as occurrence of all 3 components: (1) absence of all-cause mortality within 30 days of CZA initiation, (2) absence of microbiologic and clinical recurrence within 30 days of CZA discontinuation, and (3) resolution or improvement of infection-related signs and symptoms during CZA therapy without modification of therapy due to clinical failure. Secondary outcomes included adverse events attributable to CZA and resistance development to CZA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-hundred patients were included, with most receiving CZA for targeted therapy (67%). The median (IQR) age and weight were 9.8 (1.9\u201315.9) years and 24.2 (12.2\u201349.9) kg, respectively. Nearly all patients (88%) had comorbidities, 42% of patients were immunocompromised, and more than half were admitted to the intensive care unit at the time of index infection. Most infections originated from the respiratory tract (50%), followed by primary bloodstream infections (23%). Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales were identified in 37% and 31% of patients, respectively. The most frequently administered CZA dosage regimen was 50\u2005mg ceftazidime\/kg\/dose q8\u2005hours, utilized in 44% of cases, with a median (IQR) treatment duration of 10.1 (6.7\u201315.7) days. Clinical success was achieved in 76% of patients, while no CZA-attributable adverse events were observed. CZA resistance emerged subsequently in 5% of cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CZA demonstrated favorable outcomes and safety in a diverse pediatric cohort with drug-resistant infections, supporting its role as a viable therapeutic option in high-risk pediatric populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T11:38:00Z","timestamp":1774957080000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multicenter Evaluation of Ceftazidime\/Avibactam in Pediatric Patients Across the United States: Real-World Insights into the Management of Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1094-043X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor","family":"Morrisette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Outcomes Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy , Charleston, South Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Medical University of South Carolina Health , Charleston, South Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2959-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant T","family":"Stimes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Texas Children's Hospital , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-8848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo R","family":"Alvira-Arill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Outcomes Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy , Charleston, South Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Medical University of South Carolina Health , Charleston, South Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5881-2752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine R","family":"Lockowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, St.Louis Children's Hospital , St. Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Yuenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, St.Louis Children's Hospital , St. Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan E","family":"Facer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St.Louis , St. Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Michigan , Detroit, Michigan ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7171-7015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana J","family":"Holger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University , Fort Lauderdale, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7125-9830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali A","family":"Althubyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University , Fort Lauderdale, Florida ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk , Tabuk ,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1744-0048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amer","family":"El Ghali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy , Albuquerque, New Mexico ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Kesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Children's Hospital , Albuquerque, New Mexico ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7703-096X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wesley D","family":"Kufel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, State University of New York at Binghamton University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Binghamton, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5239-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara A","family":"Santevecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Education and Practice, University of Florida College of Pharmacy , Gainesville, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9424-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veena","family":"Venugopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Education and Practice, University of Florida College of Pharmacy , Gainesville, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7536-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie B","family":"Olney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Healthcare , Lexington, Kentucky ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy , Lexington, Kentucky ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9979-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason G","family":"Newland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamee","family":"Shelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5837-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William S","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Medical Center , Chapel Hill, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimee M","family":"Dassner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy, Children's National Hospital , Washington, D.C. ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0764-3397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew B","family":"Gainey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Prisma Health Children's Hospital, Midlands , Columbia, South Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2029-0415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Lueking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina Health , Charleston, South Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4825-0565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Logan","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Health , Charleston, South Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-2103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krutika","family":"Mediwala Hornback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Medical University of South Carolina Health , Charleston, South Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3410-4524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen A","family":"Thacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina Health , Charleston, South Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B1","author":"CDC"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy378","article-title":"Difficult-to-treat resistance in gram-negative bacteremia at 173 US hospitals: retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and outcome of resistance to all first-line agents","volume":"67","author":"Kadri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B4","author":"WHO"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040393","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in pediatric infections: global emerging threats, predicting the near future","volume":"10","author":"Romandini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B6"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B7"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B8"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B9","first-page":"175","article-title":"Key potentially inappropriate drugs in pediatrics: the KIDs list","volume":"25","author":"Meyers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01430-08","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in intensive care units","volume":"53","author":"Oliveira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2018.11.008","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity prevalence in patients treated with polymyxins: a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"94","author":"Oliota","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8010031","article-title":"A review of the clinical pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B","volume":"8","author":"Avedissian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S350976","article-title":"Ceftazidime\/avibactam versus polymyxin B in the challenge of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz816","article-title":"Ceftolozane\/tazobactam vs polymyxin or aminoglycoside-based regimens for the treatment of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"71","author":"Pogue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz522","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz522","article-title":"Real-world experience with ceftazidime-avibactam for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"6","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-023-00762-9","article-title":"The use and effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam in real-world clinical practice: EZTEAM study","volume":"12","author":"Soriano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxae038","article-title":"Real-world utilization of ceftazidime\/avibactam among inpatients in the National Veterans Affairs Healthcare System","volume":"81","author":"Caffrey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02291","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02291-19","article-title":"Real-world experience with ceftolozane-tazobactam for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"64","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofab371","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab371","article-title":"Real-world, multicenter experience with meropenem-vaborbactam for Gram-negative bacterial infections including carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"8","author":"Alosaimy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1622","article-title":"The \u03b2-lactams strike back: ceftazidime-avibactam","volume":"35","author":"Zasowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B21"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02429-13","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against Gram-negative organisms collected from U.S. medical centers in 2012","volume":"58","author":"Sader","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz456","article-title":"In vitro activity of ceftazidime\/avibactam against isolates of carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae collected during the INFORM global surveillance programme (2015-17)","volume":"75","author":"Spiliopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13060564","article-title":"Activity of aztreonam\/avibactam and recently approved \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations against enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit patients","volume":"13","author":"Sader","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad046","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad046","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of carbapenemases among carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales from United States hospitals and the activity of aztreonam-avibactam against contemporary enterobacterales (2019-2021)","volume":"10","author":"Sader","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001859","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam antimicrobial activity and spectrum when tested against Gram-negative organisms from pediatric patients: results from the INFORM Surveillance Program (United States, 2011-2015)","volume":"37","author":"Sader","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ciae403","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae403","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative infections","volume":"7","author":"Tamma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002344","article-title":"Use of ceftazidime-avibactam for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant or pan drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonates and children&lt;5 years of age","volume":"38","author":"Iosifidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S369368","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam as salvage therapy in pediatric liver transplantation patients with infections caused by carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003716","article-title":"Ceftolozane\/tazobactam and ceftazidime\/avibactam: an Italian multi-center retrospective analysis of safety and efficacy in children with hematologic malignancies and multi-drug resistant Gram-negative Bacteria infections","volume":"41","author":"Perruccio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5815","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S426326","article-title":"Use of ceftazidime-avibactam for suspected or confirmed carbapenem-resistant organisms in children: a retrospective study","volume":"16","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B32","first-page":"664","article-title":"Use of ceftazidime-avibactam in children admitted to pediatric intensive care units","volume":"11","author":"Araujo da Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piae087","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam treatment for carbapenemase-producing enterobacterales in a South African Children's Hospital","volume":"13","author":"Tootla","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04948-y","article-title":"Clinical experience with ceftazidime\/avibactam for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonates and children","volume":"43","author":"Gundeslioglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004768","article-title":"Evaluation of ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam prescriptions in a tertiary hospital for children in France: an observational study, 2017-2022","volume":"44","author":"Lab\u00e9","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-025-00685-7","article-title":"Ceftazidime\/avibactam for the treatment of infections in children: a case series of real-world use","volume":"27","author":"Castro-Fronti\u00f1\u00e1n","year":"2025","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2013a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000254","article-title":"Pediatric severe sepsis: current trends and outcomes from the Pediatric Health Information Systems database","volume":"15","author":"Ruth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.6.e99","article-title":"Deaths attributed to pediatric complex chronic conditions: national trends and implications for supportive care services","volume":"107","author":"Feudtner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1721730","article-title":"Disparities associated with sepsis mortality in critically ill children","volume":"11","author":"Reddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Intensive Care"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1086\/604713","article-title":"A multinational survey of risk factors for infection with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in nonhospitalized patients","volume":"49","author":"Ben-Ami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01730","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01730-17","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analyses of the clinical epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"62","author":"van Loon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.10.016","article-title":"Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Palacios-Baena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofab554","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab554","article-title":"Early multicenter experience with imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections","volume":"8","author":"Rebold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01900214","article-title":"AKI in hospitalized children: comparing the pRIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO definitions","volume":"10","author":"Sutherland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.58","article-title":"Case definition and phenotype standardization in drug-induced liver injury","volume":"89","author":"Aithal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B47","volume-title":"Carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales","author":"Smith","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000966","article-title":"MDR\/XDR\/PDR or DTR? Which definition best fits the resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?","volume":"36","author":"Cosentino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B50","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 35th ed. CLSI supplement M100","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.06.003","article-title":"Exposure matching of pediatric anti-infective drugs: review of drugs submitted to the Food and Drug Administration for pediatric approval","volume":"38","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1242","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3487","article-title":"Extrapolation of adult data and other data in pediatric drug-development programs","volume":"128","author":"Dunne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15102431","article-title":"Pediatric drug development: reviewing challenges and opportunities by tracking innovative therapies","volume":"15","author":"Domingues","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaa136","article-title":"Understanding pediatric drug lag time: review of selected drug package inserts","volume":"10","author":"Beleck","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236462","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1236462","article-title":"Real-world evidence for regulatory decision-making: updated guidance from around the world","volume":"10","author":"Burns","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B56","author":"Food and Drug Administration; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research; Oncology Center of Excellence"},{"key":"2026042008013593100_ofag177-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"piaf004","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaf004","article-title":"Suggested dosing of select beta-lactam agents for the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative infections in children","volume":"14","author":"Lockowitz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/4\/ofag177\/68099369\/ofag177.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/4\/ofag177\/68099369\/ofag177.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:01:49Z","timestamp":1776686509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofag177\/8654667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofag177","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"article-number":"ofag177"}}