{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:49:02Z","timestamp":1776412142043,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N91019D00024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N91019D00024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009947","name":"Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some people with HIV (PWH) have a poor immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Such immunologic nonresponders are at increased risk for HIV and non-HIV related complications. Immune exhaustion may contribute to poor immune reconstitution, and blockade of PD-1, an immune checkpoint molecule, may thus be beneficial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We undertook a phase 1, 3:1 randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a single 200\u2005mg dose of pembrolizumab in PWH with CD4+ T-cell counts between 100 and 350\u2005cells\/mm3, who had been on ART and were virally suppressed for at least 12\u2005months. The primary endpoint was the frequency of either Grade 3 or higher adverse events or Grade 2 or higher autoimmune events requiring corticosteroid therapy. Additional endpoints included levels of PD-1 expression, and changes in immune and virologic parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 7 enrolled participants, 6 received pembrolizumab and 1 received placebo. The only grade 3 event, ophthalmic zoster, developed in the placebo recipient. There were no autoimmune events requiring corticosteroid therapy. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts were stable over time, though both showed increased CD38 and HLA-DR expression. PD-1 expression declined from a baseline of 60.4% (SD, 7.4%) to a nadir of 0.8%\u201323.5% for CD4+ T cells, and from 45.2% (SD, 9.4%) to 0.1%\u201323.2% for CD8+ T cells. There were no significant changes in viral killing, plasma viral loads or proviral DNA levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single dose of pembrolizumab may be safely administered to PWH who are immunologic nonresponders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T11:49:29Z","timestamp":1775130569000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Single Dose Study of Pembrolizumab in People With HIV Infection Who are Immunologic Nonresponders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Janaki","family":"Kuruppu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institute of Health Clinical Center , Bethesda, Maryland 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