{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:45:54Z","timestamp":1782499554182,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004634","name":"MSD","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-#100662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-#100662"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004634","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIR-#52903527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIR-#52903527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Noninvasive pneumococcal disease (NIPD) represents a substantial portion of the total pneumococcal disease burden worldwide. In this cross-sectional study, the serotype distribution for isolates originating from NIPD patients in Belgium (2022\u20132025) is described. Serotype 3 was the serotype with the largest NIPD burden in Belgium (n = 178, 12.7%), and detailed analyses revealed that its burden was lower in infants &amp;lt;2 years when compared to older age groups. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines PCV20 and PCV21 cover approximately 50% to 80%, respectively, of circulating serotypes responsible for NIPD in Belgium, which underlines the importance of improving vaccine uptake in the adult population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:31:54Z","timestamp":1781613114000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persistent Dominance of Serotype 3 in Noninvasive Pneumococcal Disease in Belgium (2022\u20132025)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"I","family":"Passaris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Diseases Unit, Sciensano , Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6734-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S","family":"Depick\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Platform for Interventional Studies, Sciensano , Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3189-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Maex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Diseases Unit, Sciensano , Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P J","family":"Ceyssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Diseases Unit, Sciensano , Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062613472047000_ofag371-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00176-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"24","author":"GBD 2021 Lower Respiratory Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026062613472047000_ofag371-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1000 Faculty Rev-338","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.22341.1","article-title":"Recent advances in the epidemiology and prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections","volume":"9","author":"Feldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"2026062613472047000_ofag371-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.02.016","article-title":"Impact of conjugate 7-valent vaccination in Belgium: addressing methodological challenges","volume":"29","author":"Hanquet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2026062613472047000_ofag371-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30173-0","article-title":"Dynamic changes in paediatric invasive pneumococcal disease after sequential switches of conjugate vaccine in Belgium: a national retrospective observational study","volume":"21","author":"Desmet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026062613472047000_ofag371-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.08.049","article-title":"A phase 3 trial of safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of V114, 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, compared with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults 50 years of age and older (PNEU-AGE)","volume":"40","author":"Platt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2026062613472047000_ofag371-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.11.046","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coadministered with quadrivalent influenza vaccine: a phase 3 randomized trial","volume":"41","author":"Cannon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2026062613472047000_ofag371-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15939-7","article-title":"Pneumococcal vaccination coverage and adherence to recommended dosing schedules in adults: a repeated cross-sectional study of the INTEGO morbidity registry","volume":"23","author":"Janssens","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026062613472047000_ofag371-B8","volume-title":"Vaccinatie - 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