{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:46:04Z","timestamp":1785764764885,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Measles remains a significant public health threat in Uganda, with regular outbreaks. The current national immunization schedule offers the first measles-containing vaccine dose (MCV) at 9 months, and a second dose at 18 months. We investigated the epidemiology of measles in Ugandan children aged 18 months and younger.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed the national measles surveillance data from 2018 to the first quarter (Q1) of 2024, probing the demographic and geographic distribution. We categorized children as under 6 months, 6 to under 9 months, and 9\u201318 months. Suspected measles cases were classified as clinical, epidemiologically linked, laboratory-confirmed or discarded (not measles).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1316\/2274 (57.9%) of the suspected cases were diagnosed with measles. One hundred and forty-nine cases (11.3%; 95% CI: 9.7\u201313.0) were aged under 6 months, 390 (29.6%; 27.0\u201332.0) 6 to under 9 months, and 777 (59.0%; 56.0\u201362.0) 9\u201318 months. 717\/1208 (59.4%; 57.0\u201362.0) of vaccine-eligible children, with a captured vaccination history, had received at least 1 dose of MCV. 59.5% (95%CI: 55.0\u201363.0) of measles cases were unvaccinated vaccine-eligible children. Several districts did not achieve the WHO-recommended measles surveillance threshold of at least 2 discarded cases per 100 000 population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most measles cases among Ugandan children \u226418 months are unvaccinated. Infants nine to 18 months old comprise most of the measles cases (59.0%; 777\/1316). To achieve better control of measles transmission, review of the current vaccination policies with strengthened vaccination and surveillance systems are recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:29:37Z","timestamp":1784633377000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measles in Ugandan Children Under 18 Months of Age: A Retrospective Study of Case-based Surveillance, 2018\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2884-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald Bright","family":"Businge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]},{"name":"Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezekiel","family":"Mupere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1840-1513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Ofori","family":"Gyasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda National Expanded Program for Immunisation, Ministry of Health , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Le Doare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]},{"name":"City St. George's, University of London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Boele","family":"van Hensbroek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3246-5083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merijn W","family":"Bijlsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6324-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merryn","family":"Voysey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080308563092900_ofag459-B1","volume-title":"Measles and Rubella strategic framework 2021\u20132030, 1st ed","author":"World Health Organisation (WHO)","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026080308563092900_ofag459-B2","author":"CDC Newsroom","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026080308563092900_ofag459-B3","author":"Measles"},{"key":"2026080308563092900_ofag459-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7246a3","article-title":"Progress toward measles elimination\u2014worldwide, 2000\u20132022","volume":"72","author":"Minta","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026080308563092900_ofag459-B5","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2026080308563092900_ofag459-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czp008","article-title":"Achieving measles 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