{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:25:45Z","timestamp":1786969545137,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CHU St Pierre Brussels HIV Cohort"},{"name":"Austrian HIV Cohort Study"},{"name":"Australian HIV Observational Database"},{"name":"AIDS Therapy Evaluation in the Netherlands National Observational HIV cohort"},{"name":"EuroSIDA cohort"},{"name":"Frankfurt HIV Cohort Study"},{"name":"Georgian National AIDS Health Information System"},{"name":"Nice HIV Cohort"},{"name":"ICONA Foundation"},{"name":"Modena HIV Cohort"},{"name":"PISCIS Cohort Study"},{"name":"Swiss HIV Cohort Study"},{"name":"Swedish InfCare HIV Cohort"},{"name":"Royal Free HIV Cohort Study"},{"name":"San Raffaele Scientific Institute"},{"name":"University Hospital Bonn HIV Cohort"},{"name":"University of Cologne HIV Cohort"},{"name":"Brighton HIV Cohort"},{"name":"National Croatian HIV cohort"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010877","name":"ViiV Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Merck Life Sciences"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Health"},{"name":"Immunity and Infections"},{"name":"AHOD cohort","award":["GNT1050874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1050874"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A previous RESPOND analysis suggested that integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared with other antiretroviral therapy (ART). We reanalyzed the data using target trial emulations examining the impact of methodological choices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment-na\u00efve analyses included ART-na\u00efve adults with detectable HIV viraemia and recent CD4 and HIV-RNA measurements. Treatment-experienced analyses included adults with suppressed HIV-RNA receiving INSTI-free ART. We estimated adjusted risk differences (RDs) and risk ratios (RRs) for CVD events comparing INSTI initiation or switching versus other ART using inverse-probability weighting and pooled logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 7111 treatment-na\u00efve individuals, 95 CVD events occurred over a median of 62 months. Risk ratios comparing INSTI initiation with starting other ART were 1.07 (95% confidence interval .29\u20134.93) at 1 year, 1.21 (.41\u20133.91) at 2 years, and 1.87 (1.06\u20133.26) at 6 years. Corresponding RDs were 0.02% (\u2212.32\u2013.29), 0.09% (\u2212.43\u2013.53), and 1.03% (0.08\u20132.07). Among 22 921 treatment-experienced individuals, 800 CVD events occurred over a median of 37 months. Risk ratios were 1.55 (1.16\u20132.00) at 1 year, 1.30 (1.07\u20131.62) at 2 years, and 0.93 (.78\u20131.09) at 6 years. Corresponding RDs were 0.26% (.08\u2013.47), 0.29% (.03\u2013.58), and \u22120.22 (\u2212.66\u2013.25).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Switching to INSTIs was associated with a transient increase in CVD risk during the first 2 years among treatment-experienced individuals, whereas starting INSTIs in ART-na\u00efve individuals was associated with a gradual increase over time, albeit based on few events. Absolute RDs remained small, but the findings suggest a potential impact of INSTIs on the development of CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T12:01:18Z","timestamp":1785585678000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiovascular Disease Risk with Integrase Inhibitor-based Antiretroviral Therapy: A Causal Inference Analysis in RESPOND"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1402-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Surial","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Neesgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHIP, Centre of Excellence for Health, 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,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Petoumenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8529-3559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Reekie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHIP, Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6553-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol Department of Infectious Diseases, , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5375-7299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Zangerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colette","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Free HIV Cohort Study, Royal Free Hospital, University College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8995-6230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, CHU Saint-Pierre, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Brussels 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,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8338-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icona Foundation , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9962-5964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Carlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larysa","family":"Hetman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Center of Ukraine, Ministry of Health, Kyiv , Kyiv Oblast ,","place":["Ukraine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Sohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne , Cologne ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne , Cologne ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean R","family":"Hosein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European AIDS Treatment Group , Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Andre","family":"Van Wyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ViiV Healthcare , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Bissio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway, New Jersey ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8901-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHIP, Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5297-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andri","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern 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