{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T03:02:22Z","timestamp":1789959742817,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007579","name":"Auburn University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infectious disease test results frequently finalize after hospital discharge, and many are clinically actionable. Standardized workflows for reviewing these results remain limited. Although pharmacist-led culture follow-up is well established in emergency departments, evidence evaluating inpatient transitions-of-care models is sparse. This study assessed the impact of a pharmacist-led service on outpatient antimicrobial appropriateness and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a single-center, retrospective pre\u2013post study at a community hospital comparing patients discharged with pending infectious disease test results before and after service implementation. The intervention included thrice-weekly review of finalized results, clinical assessment, prescriber communication, outpatient prescription changes, and patient counseling. The primary outcome was appropriate outpatient antimicrobial therapy 7 days after discharge. Secondary outcomes included time to appropriate therapy among patients requiring prescription modification and 30-day infection-related outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for urine culture source, discharge service, and inpatient infectious diseases consultation. Time-to-therapy analyses used Kaplan\u2013Meier and Cox proportional hazards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 191 patients (93 preintervention; 98 postintervention), appropriate antimicrobial therapy at 7 days increased from 69% to 92%. Adjusted analyses showed a 21.3% higher predicted probability of appropriate therapy (95% CI, 10.6\u201332.0). Among patients requiring prescription changes (n = 63), median time to appropriate therapy improved from 7 to 4 days, with a 5-fold higher rate of achieving appropriate therapy (hazard ratio, 5.09; 95% CI, 2.13\u201312.18). Thirty-day outcomes were similar between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A pharmacist-led service improved antimicrobial appropriateness and accelerated transitions to appropriate therapy, supporting pharmacist-driven follow-up as an effective stewardship strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:52:08Z","timestamp":1788954728000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacist-led Transitions of Care Intervention to Address Infectious Disease Tests Pending at Discharge (TPAD)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0082-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth W","family":"Covington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy , Auburn, Alabama ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, East Alabama Health , Opelika, Alabama ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9442-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Shane","family":"Loop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy , Auburn, Alabama ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7980-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jieun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy , Auburn, Alabama ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leborah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, East Alabama Health , Opelika, Alabama ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5382-0318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy , Auburn, Alabama ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Grace","family":"Gunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, East Alabama Health , Opelika, Alabama ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.2944","article-title":"Interventions to improve follow-up of laboratory test results pending at discharge: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Whitehead","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-017-4290-9","article-title":"A systematic review of interventions to follow-up test results pending at discharge","volume":"33","author":"Darragh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-2-200507190-00011","article-title":"Patient safety concerns arising from test results that return after hospital discharge","volume":"143","author":"Roy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-023-00786-1","article-title":"Evaluating the follow-up of post-discharge positive Sterile site cultures and the impact on infection-related complications","volume":"12","author":"LaPlante","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.425","article-title":"Creating a better discharge summary: improvement in quality and timeliness using an electronic discharge summary","volume":"4","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190017699775","article-title":"A pilot study for antimicrobial stewardship post-discharge: avoiding pitfalls at the transitions of care","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4393-y","article-title":"The impact of automated notification on follow-up of actionable tests pending at discharge: a cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Dalal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-1986-8","article-title":"Impact of automated alerts on follow-up of post-discharge microbiology results: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"El-Kareh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2026.10312","article-title":"A national survey of the infectious diseases and antimicrobial stewardship pharmacist workforce in the United States: work settings, characteristics, employment activities, resources and needs","volume":"6","author":"Hirsch","year":"2026","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.70106","article-title":"Effect of pharmacist involvement in emergency department microbiological culture follow-up services on clinical outcomes and workflow: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Covington","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Clin Pharm"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad500.423","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad500.423","article-title":"352. Post-discharge microbiology review by infectious diseases pharmacists is impactful","volume":"10","author":"Van Abel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B12","first-page":"22","article-title":"Integrating clinical pharmacists into emergency department culture follow-up: a head-to-head comparison of workflow models","volume":"2","author":"Covington","year":"2026","journal-title":"JACP"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g1687","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1121","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria: 2019 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of Americaa","volume":"68","author":"Nicolle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.895","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of microbiology results returning post-discharge and requiring follow-up","volume":"6","author":"El-Kareh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"2026092022213292800_ofag585-B16","first-page":"e84905","article-title":"Discharging patients with pending microbiology cultures: a narrative review of safety and best practices","volume":"17","author":"Bechir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofag585\/71045277\/ofag585.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/9\/ofag585\/71045277\/ofag585.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/9\/ofag585\/71045277\/ofag585.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:21:42Z","timestamp":1789957302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofag585\/8792809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofag585","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"article-number":"ofag585"}}