{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:58:16Z","timestamp":1790776696398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Except for their role in bacterial endocarditis, nonpneumococcal Streptococcus mitis group (SMG) bacteria have traditionally been regarded as commensals of the oropharynx. Widespread adoption of matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry has increased identification of these organisms and has led to increased concern about their clinical significance. We evaluated SMG bacteremia in a large multicenter cohort to characterize associated clinical syndromes and better define their clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective review of all adult patients from 2017 to 2025 who had SMG bacteremia at 3 hospitals within the Texas Medical Center. SMG bacteremia was defined as isolation of S mitis, S mitis\/oralis, or S mitis group as determined by MALDI-TOF. Clinical syndromes were identified through chart review and assigned using consistent classification approaches informed by physician documentation, imaging, and microbiologic data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 253 patients, neutropenia-associated bacteremia was most common (29.6%), followed by pneumonia (9.5%), infective endocarditis (8.7%), skin, soft tissue, or bone infections (7.9%), and other identified sources (12%). No clear source was identified in 9.5% of cases. Only 22.9% were classified as contaminants. High-grade bacteremia was common, with 47% of cases having \u22653 positive blood culture bottles. In contrast, patients in whom SMG was regarded as contaminant nearly always had only a single-bottle positive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Streptococcus mitis group bacteremia was associated with a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes, with most isolates being regarded as representing clinically significant infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:26:49Z","timestamp":1789756009000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Clinical Significance of\n                    <i>Streptococcus mitis<\/i>\n                    Bacteremia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5577-3831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James H","family":"Acuff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9680-4066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin H","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5679-7456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananth","family":"Panchamukhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7796-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth L","family":"Muldrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Ben Taub Hospital, Harris Health System , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9989-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L","family":"Atmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Ben Taub Hospital, Harris Health System , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7571-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M","family":"Musher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Medical Care Line, Infectious Disease Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026093009165125800_ofag588-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.97","article-title":"Non-pneumococcal mitis-group streptococci confound detection of pneumococcal capsular serotype-specific loci in upper respiratory tract","volume":"1","author":"Carvalho","year":"2013","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026093009165125800_ofag588-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6511","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6511-6518.2000","article-title":"Host-pathogen interactions: basic concepts of microbial commensalism, colonization, infection, and disease","volume":"68","author":"Casadevall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect 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