{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:50:08Z","timestamp":1791910208637,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#226002\/A\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#226002\/A\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#226002\/Z\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#226002\/Z\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["156467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["156467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UK international development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic and associated nonpharmaceutical interventions disrupted the established epidemiological patterns of many endemic respiratory viruses globally. However, its impact on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa is understudied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from a continuous hospital-based pediatric pneumonia surveillance program in coastal Kenya January 2008\u2013June 2026. Children \u22645 years, admitted with World Health Organization\u2013defined syndromic severe or very severe pneumonia were tested for RSV using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The period was stratified into prepandemic (January 2008\u2013March 2020), during pandemic (March 2020\u2013May 2023), and postpandemic (May 2023\u2013June 2026). Multivariable logistic regression evaluated clinical and demographic shifts across periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 10 374 tested children, 2442 (23.5%) were RSV positive. Positivity declined from 25.3% (1919\/7585) prepandemic to 18.3% (235\/1282) during the pandemic and 19.1% (288\/1507) postpandemic. Overall median age of RSV-positive patients remained statistically consistent across all periods (4.3 vs 3.7 vs 3.1 months; P \u00a0= .108), with \u22646-month-olds accounting for \u223c62% of admissions throughout. However, in the 2020\u20132021 season, RSV-positive children had increased median age (6.7; interquartile range: 2.0\u201315.1 months). In multivariable analysis, fever was less frequent during and postpandemic (adjusted P \u00a0&amp;lt; .001), and cough decreased postpandemic (adjusted P = .002). Pneumonia severity and overall mortality did not significantly differ across the periods. Local RSV season onsets exhibited 1\u20132 months\u2019 delay during and postpandemic compared to prepandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite a repeated 1- to 2-month delay of RSV season onsets on the Kenyan coast and minor clinical symptoms shifts, the core demographic patterns remained stable. The persisting severe RSV disease in &amp;lt;6-month-olds highlights this population for RSV interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:23:54Z","timestamp":1789755834000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Delayed Seasonality but Consistent Age Burden: RSV Epidemiology Pre\u2013, During, and Post\u2013COVID-19 Pandemic on the Kenyan Coast (2008\u20132026)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3399-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther Nyadzua","family":"Katama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108 , Kilifi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108 , Kilifi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Mutunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108 , Kilifi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Lewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108 , Kilifi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0378-0095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robinson","family":"Cheruiyot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108 , Kilifi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustus","family":"Kea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108 , Kilifi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4179-8613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Shebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108 , Kilifi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce U","family":"Nyiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108 , Kilifi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8364-6063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles J","family":"Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108 , Kilifi ,","place":["Kenya"]},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles N","family":"Agoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108 , Kilifi ,","place":["Kenya"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Pwani University , Kilifi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101312130547200_ofag600-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30721-4","article-title":"Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia: the PERCH multi-country case-control study","volume":"394","author":"Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study Group","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026101312130547200_ofag600-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2024.56","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus: a review of current basic and clinical knowledge","volume":"2024","author":"Al-Leimon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Qatar Med 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