{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:49:55Z","timestamp":1791539395679,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001031","name":"Australian Respiratory Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["472823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["472823"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2007920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2007920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DCI-PANAF\/2020\/420-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DCI-PANAF\/2020\/420-028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011858","name":"African Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015776","name":"African Union Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015776","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improved diagnostics are needed for tuberculosis (TB) among adolescents. Tongue swab (TS) molecular testing is a promising strategy for TB testing. We evaluated diagnostic accuracy and acceptability of Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra (\u201cXpert\u201d) using TSs for TB detection in adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study in southern Vietnam. Adolescents aged 10\u201319 years who were recommended to undergo investigation for TB were eligible. Participants provided TS and sputum samples and were surveyed regarding sampling experiences. TS samples were tested on Xpert, with sputum tested on Xpert and liquid culture. We utilized a composite reference standard of a positive sputum Xpert or culture result to define disease status. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic yield were calculated for TS Xpert.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From July to December 2025, we enrolled 225 adolescents. Most participants (157\/225 [70%]) were close contacts of a person recently diagnosed with TB and many (129\/225 [57%]) did not exhibit symptoms of presumptive TB. All adolescents could provide a TS, while 116 (52%) could produce mucopurulent sputum. Tuberculosis prevalence was relatively low (12\/225 [5.3%]). TS Xpert sensitivity and specificity were 58.3% (90% confidence interval [CI], 35.6%\u201378.0%) and 99.5% (90% CI, 97.9%\u201399.9%), respectively. TS diagnostic yield among all diagnosed was 58.3% (7\/12). TS sampling was highly acceptable to adolescents; the quickness and simplicity of collecting TSs were considered favorably.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TS Xpert sensitivity and diagnostic yield were relatively low among adolescents recommended for TB investigation. All participants were able to provide a TS. Specificity was excellent. TS's high acceptability indicates it remains a promising sample for diagnostic algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:26:43Z","timestamp":1790594803000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tongue Swab Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra Testing for Tuberculosis in Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study of Diagnostic Accuracy and Acceptability"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9272-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily Lai-Ho","family":"MacLean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9071-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thuy Thu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Vietnam Institute , The University of Sydney, Ho Chi Minh City ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3652-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long Huynh","family":"Chuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Vietnam Institute , The University of Sydney, Ho Chi Minh City ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khanh Huynh","family":"Minh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Vietnam Institute , The University of Sydney, Ho Chi Minh City ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5915-8126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graeme","family":"Hoddinott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Department of Human, Biological and Translational Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Namibia , Windhoek ,","place":["Namibia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1644-4194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen Ngoc","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Vietnam Institute , The University of Sydney, Ho Chi Minh City ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiep Trung","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Can Tho Lung Hospital , Can Tho ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2089-2902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thu-Anh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Vietnam Institute , The University of Sydney, Ho Chi Minh City ,","place":["Vietnam"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4085-1411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greg J","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The University of Sydney Vietnam Institute , The University of Sydney, Ho Chi Minh City ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thuy Ngoc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Can Tho Lung Hospital , Can Tho ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100905013367400_ofag614-B1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2025","author":"World Health Organization 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