{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:39:13Z","timestamp":1792579153411,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in nonpregnant adults is increasing, particularly among older adults and those with underlying comorbidities. However, multicenter data on prognostic factors for adult GBS bacteremia in Japan remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a multicenter retrospective observational cohort study of adults with GBS bacteremia at 7 hospitals in western Japan between 2015 and 2024. Variables analyzed included clinical characteristics, infection sites, microbiological characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 442 patients were included. Median age [interquartile range] was 75 [64\u201384] years, and 83.0% had at least 1 comorbidity. The overall 30-day all-cause mortality for GBS bacteremia was 9.3% (41\/442), which rose to 39.3% (11\/28) among patients with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). In multivariable analysis, STSS was the strongest predictor of death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 9.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.28\u201325.58), followed by immunosuppressive therapy (aOR, 4.62; 95% CI, 1.66\u201312.86), cirrhosis (aOR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.23\u20139.40), respiratory infection (aOR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.08\u201310.06), advanced renal dysfunction (aOR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.09\u20136.52), and polymicrobial bacteremia (aOR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.03\u20135.57), whereas skin and soft tissue infection was associated with lower mortality (aOR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01\u20130.53).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult GBS bacteremia carries a high burden of short-term mortality, with a wide variety of clinical presentations, necessitating prompt diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T11:57:08Z","timestamp":1791374228000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Predictors of Group B Streptococcus Bacteremia in Adults: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan, 2015\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9020-6118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Oguni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1123-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidemasa","family":"Akazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4871-4996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinnosuke","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital , Kurashiki, Okayama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2057-2514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuki","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital , Izumo, Shimane ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Haruki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tsuyama Chuo Hospital , Tsuyama, Okayama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9135-4685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kengo","family":"Mukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital , Tottori ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemaru","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital , Himeji, Hyogo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4290-5839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Fujihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Masuda Red-Cross Hospital , Masuda, Shimane ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Okuizumo Hospital , Okuizumo, Shimane ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5086-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideharu","family":"Hagiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B1","first-page":"2487","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases: 2-volume set","author":"Edwards","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.4826","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive early-onset and late-onset group B streptococcal disease in the United States, 2006 to 2015: multistate laboratory and population-based surveillance","volume":"173","author":"Nanduri","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004144","article-title":"Group B streptococcal disease in infants in Japan","volume":"43","author":"Matsubara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.7269","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive group B streptococcal infections among nonpregnant adults in the United States, 2008-2016","volume":"179","author":"Francois Watkins","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.10.007","article-title":"Invasive group B streptococcal infections in a tertiary care hospital between 1998 and 2007 in Japan","volume":"13","author":"Matsubara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1086\/322696","article-title":"Group B streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults","volume":"33","author":"Farley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2025.102897","article-title":"Characteristics of invasive group B streptococcal infections in adults and older individuals in a super-aging society in Japan, 2016-2023","volume":"32","author":"Takahashi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-019-0084-5","article-title":"Group B streptococcus is the most common pathogen for septic arthritis with unique clinical characteristics: data from 12 years retrospective cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Ruksasakul","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0258030","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258030","article-title":"Burden of invasive group B Streptococcus disease in non-pregnant adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Navarro-Torn\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04987-22","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04987-22","article-title":"Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates in nonpregnant adults with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan in 2014 to 2021","volume":"11","author":"Ikebe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofae486","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae486","article-title":"Characteristics of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by different beta-hemolytic streptococci species: a single-center retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Inada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541524","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1541524","article-title":"Global patterns of antibiotic resistance in group B Streptococcus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Hsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv203","article-title":"High isolation rate of MDR group B streptococci with reduced penicillin susceptibility in Japan","volume":"70","author":"Seki","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01183-16","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of group B streptococci isolated from adults with invasive infections in Japan","volume":"54","author":"Morozumi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.03047.x","article-title":"Clinical aspects of invasive infections with Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis in Japan: differences with respect to Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae infections","volume":"16","author":"Takahashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107962","article-title":"Comparative analysis of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by three \u03b2-hemolytic streptococcal species in Japan","volume":"158","author":"Tsuchihashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B17"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.72.258","article-title":"Report of surveillance on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan and presentation of the criteria","volume":"72","author":"Shimizu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1918324","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.18324","article-title":"Risk factors and mortality rates associated with invasive group B Streptococcus infections among patients in the US veterans health administration","volume":"2","author":"Jump","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100610","article-title":"A retrospective review of group B streptococcus bacteraemia in Western Sydney, Australia from 2011-2023","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"IJID Reg"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-026-05411-w","article-title":"Bacteraemia with Streptococcus agalactiae\u2014an observational study on clinical aspects and time to blood culture positivity","volume":"45","author":"Sunnerhagen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10337-9","article-title":"Serotype distribution and clinical characteristics of group B Streptococcus bacteremia in nonpregnant adults: a 15-year multicenter study in Korea","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0007-2018","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae)","volume":"7","author":"Raabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1086\/432804","article-title":"Group B streptococcal infections in elderly adults","volume":"41","author":"Edwards","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04041-0","article-title":"Invasive group B Streptococcus among non-pregnant adults in Brussels-capital region, 2005-2019","volume":"40","author":"Graux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1930138","article-title":"Incidence of invasive group B Streptococcus (iGBS) infections and the factors associated with iGBS mortality in adults during 2013-2017: a retrospective study at Thailand's largest national tertiary referral center","volume":"53","author":"Phoompoung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2023.09.003","article-title":"Invasive Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus) infection with toxic shock-like syndrome: a report of a fatal non-pregnant case and a review of the literature","volume":"30","author":"Kawai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2026102105514640900_ofag665-B28","author":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofag665\/71774226\/ofag665.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/10\/ofag665\/71774226\/ofag665.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/13\/10\/ofag665\/71774226\/ofag665.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T09:51:57Z","timestamp":1792576317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofag665\/8896107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofag665","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"article-number":"ofag665"}}