{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:01:40Z","timestamp":1792033300355,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]],"date-time":"2016-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":643,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background. \u2003Histoplasmosis causes severe disease in patients with defects of cell-mediated immunity. It is not known whether outcomes vary related to the type of immunodeficiency or class of antifungal treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods. \u2003We reviewed cases of active histoplasmosis that occurred at Vanderbilt University Medical Center from July 1999 to June 2012 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a history of transplantation, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 inhibitor use. These groups were compared for differences in clinical presentation and outcomes. In addition, outcomes were related to the initial choice of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results. \u2003Ninety cases were identified (56 HIV, 23 transplant, 11 TNF-\u03b1 inhibitor). Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 patients had milder disease, shorter courses of therapy, and fewer relapses than HIV patients. Histoplasma antigenuria was highly prevalent in all groups (HIV 88%, transplant 95%, TNF-\u03b1 91%). Organ transplant recipients received amphotericin B formulation as initial therapy less often than other groups (22% vs 57% HIV vs 55% TNF-\u03b1; P = .006). Treatment failures only occurred in patients with severe disease. The failure rate was similar whether patients received initial amphotericin or triazole therapy. Ninety-day histoplasmosis-related mortality was 9% for all groups and did not vary significantly with choice of initial treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions. \u2003Histoplasmosis caused milder disease in patients receiving TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors than patients with HIV or solid organ transplantation. Treatment failures and mortality only occurred in patients with severe disease and did not vary based on type of immunosuppression or choice of initial therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T20:16:19Z","timestamp":1418415379000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Histoplasmosis in Patients With Cell-Mediated Immunodeficiency: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Organ Transplantation, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Keith","family":"Luckett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Stephen","family":"Dummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldine","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Hester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tristar Centennial Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lora","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081006370269100_OFU116C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.576","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis: a comparative study between patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals","volume":"73","author":"Tobon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2020081006370269100_OFU116C2","first-page":"214","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis: a comparative study of the clinical features and outcome among immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients","volume":"26","author":"Deodhar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"2020081006370269100_OFU116C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199011000-00004","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment, and review of the literature","volume":"69","author":"Wheat","year":"1990","journal-title":"Medicine 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