{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:31:12Z","timestamp":1762079472737,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]],"date-time":"2016-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":643,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background. \u2003Multiple international treatment guidelines recommend amphotericin-based combination regimens for induction therapy of cryptococcal meningitis. Yet, only 1 trial has reported a mortality benefit for combination amphotericin-flucytosine, and none have reported a mortality benefit for combination amphotericin-fluconazole.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods. \u2003We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis to estimate the comparative effectiveness of recommended induction therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. We searched PubMed and Cochrane CENTRAL for clinical reports of induction therapy for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. We extracted or calculated early (two-week) and late (six to 12-week) mortality by treatment arm for the following induction regimens: amphotericin B alone, amphotericin B + flucytosine, amphotericin B + triazoles, amphotericin B + flucytosine +triazoles, triazoles alone, triazoles + flucytosine, liposomal amphotericin B, and amphotericin B + other medicines.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. \u2003In the overall sample (35 studies, n = 2483), we found no evidence of decreased mortality from addition of flucytosine or triazoles to amphotericin B, compared with amphotericin B alone. Although we did find a nonsignificant benefit for addition of flucytosine to amphotericin B in studies including participants with altered levels of consciousness, we did not ide.jpegy a benefit for combination therapy in restricted analyses in either resource-rich or resource-limited settings, studies conducted before or after 2004, and studies restricted to a high dose of amphotericin B and fluconazole.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. \u2003Given considerations of drug availability and toxicity, there is an important need for additional data to clarify which populations are most likely to benefit from combination therapies for human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T02:38:15Z","timestamp":1425004695000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparative Effectiveness of Induction Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Network Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey I.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Kanters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Thorlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"},{"name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa"},{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Siedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01874.x","article-title":"Asymptomatic serum cryptococcal antigenemia and early mortality during antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda","volume":"12","author":"Liechty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328322ffac","article-title":"Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.77.914.769","article-title":"Clinical presentation, natural history, and cumulative death rates of 230 adults with primary cryptococcal meningitis in Zambian AIDS patients treated under local conditions","volume":"77","author":"Mwaba","year":"2001","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200205030-00009","article-title":"Cryptococcal infection in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults","volume":"16","author":"French","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1086\/649858","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","author":"Perfect","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"author":"Govender","key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C6","article-title":"Southern African HIV Clinicians' Society Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cryptococcal Meningitis among HIV-infected Persons"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2004.00856.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of neurological complications of HIV infection","volume":"11","author":"Portegies","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2)","key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2011.00944_1.x","article-title":"British HIV Association and British Infection Association guidelines for the treatment of opportunistic infection in HIV-seropositive individuals 2011","volume":"12","author":"Nelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"year":"2011","author":"World Health Organization Rapid Advice: Diagnosis, Prevention and Management of Cryptococcal Disease in HIV-infected Adults, Adolescent and Children","key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C9"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001316","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001316","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis treatment strategies in resource-limited settings: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"9","author":"Rajasingham","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110404","article-title":"Combination a.jpegungal therapy for cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"368","author":"Day","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16301-0","article-title":"Combination a.jpegungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised trial","volume":"363","author":"Brouwer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir745","article-title":"Comparison of the early fungicidal activity of high-dose fluconazole, voriconazole, and flucytosine as second-line drugs given in combination with amphotericin B for the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"54","author":"Loyse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1086\/599112","article-title":"A phase II randomized trial of amphotericin B alone or combined with fluconazole in the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"48","author":"Pappas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001318","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001318","article-title":"The challenges and possibilities of reducing deaths from cryptococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"9","author":"Farlow","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"article-title":"National List of Essential Medicines of India","year":"2011","author":"Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C16"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f2914","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2914","article-title":"Demy.jpegying trial networks and network meta-analysis","volume":"346","author":"Mills","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1875","article-title":"Combination of direct and indirect evidence in mixed treatment comparisons","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.11228","article-title":"How to use an article reporting a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis","volume":"308","author":"Mills","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"article-title":"Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (version 5.1.0)","author":"Higgins","key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C22"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.2982-2989.2002","article-title":"In vitro interaction of flucytosine combined with amphotericin B or fluconazole against thirty-five yeast isolates determined by both the fractional inhibitory concentration index and the response surface approach","volume":"46","author":"Te Dorsthorst","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3361-3364.2003","article-title":"In vitro interaction of flucytosine with conventional and new a.jpegungals against Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates","volume":"47","author":"Schwarz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.1.113-120.2006","article-title":"Efficacy of amphotericin B in combination with flucytosine against flucytosine-susceptible or flucytosine-resistant isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans during disseminated murine cryptococcosis","volume":"50","author":"Schwarz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00446-06","article-title":"Combination of amphotericin B with flucytosine is active in vitro against flucytosine-resistant isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"51","author":"Schwarz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707033370103","article-title":"Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Clinical Trials Group","volume":"337","author":"van der Horst","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200007070-00013","article-title":"Impact of HIV infection on meningitis in Harare, Zimbabwe: a prospective study of 406 predominantly adult patients","volume":"14","author":"Hakim","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C29","first-page":"196","article-title":"Responding to the evidence for improved treatment for cryptococcal meningitis in resource-limited settings","volume":"102","author":"Milani","year":"2012","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.9.1907","article-title":"Use of amphotericin B with azole a.jpegungal drugs: what are we doing?","volume":"39","author":"Sugar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.9.2435-2441.2000","article-title":"Interactions between triazoles and amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"44","author":"Barchiesi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.11.2459","article-title":"In vitro determination of optimal a.jpegungal combinations against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans","volume":"39","author":"Ghannoum","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1086\/516372","article-title":"Combination therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in Ugandan patients with AIDS","volume":"26","author":"Mayanja-Kizza","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1086\/649861","article-title":"Combination flucytosine and high-dose fluconazole compared with fluconazole monotherapy for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis: a randomized trial in Malawi","volume":"50","author":"Nussbaum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1086\/653606","article-title":"Comparison of 2 doses of liposomal amphotericin B and conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate for treatment of AIDS-associated acute cryptococcal meningitis: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of efficacy and safety","volume":"51","author":"Hamill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C36","first-page":"315","article-title":"Amphotericin B lipid complex compared with amphotericin B in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS","volume":"22","author":"Sharkey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1086\/518607","article-title":"Fungal burden, early fungicidal activity, and outcome in cryptococcal meningitis in antiretroviral-naive or antiretroviral-experienced patients treated with amphotericin B or fluconazole","volume":"45","author":"Bicanic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1086\/588792","article-title":"High-dose amphotericin B with flucytosine for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized trial","volume":"47","author":"Bicanic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283536a93","article-title":"Adjunctive interferon-gamma immunotherapy for the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Jarvis","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1086\/593194","article-title":"Dose response effect of high-dose fluconazole for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in southwestern Uganda","volume":"47","author":"Longley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.10.014","article-title":"Short course amphotericin B with high dose fluconazole for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"64","author":"Muzoora","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01188-06","article-title":"Oral versus intravenous flucytosine in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"51","author":"Brouwer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.65276","article-title":"Liposomal amphotericin B (Fungisome) for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV\/AIDS patients in India: a multicentric, randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Jadhav","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/38.1.117","article-title":"Amphotericin B in a lipid emulsion for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients","volume":"38","author":"Joly","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.4.741","article-title":"Fluconazole combined with flucytosine for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS","volume":"19","author":"Larsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1086\/420829","article-title":"Recombinant interferon-gamma 1b as adjunctive therapy for AIDS-related acute cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"189","author":"Pappas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00215.x","article-title":"Efficacy of a short-term amphotericin B+ flucytosine combination therapy followed by itraconazole monotherapy in acute and chronic AIDS-associated cryptococcosis","volume":"40","author":"Parisi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C48","first-page":"170","article-title":"Initial treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS","volume":"36","author":"Chotmongkol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540701383147","article-title":"Alternate-day versus once-daily administration of amphotericin B in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Techapornroong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1086\/604716","article-title":"Independent association between rate of clearance of infection and clinical outcome of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: analysis of a combined cohort of 262 patients","volume":"49","author":"Bicanic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit019","article-title":"Early versus delayed antiretroviral therapy and cerebrospinal fluid fungal clearance in adults with HIV and cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"56","author":"Bisson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328354b419","article-title":"A phase II randomized controlled trial adding oral flucytosine to high-dose fluconazole, with short-course amphotericin B, for cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"26","author":"Jackson","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"article-title":"ART initiation within the first 2 weeks of cryptococcal meningitis is associated with higher mortality: a multisite randomized trial","year":"2013","author":"Boulware","key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C53"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201093260202","article-title":"Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. The NIAID Mycoses Study Group and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group","volume":"326","author":"Saag","year":"1992","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C55","first-page":"416","article-title":"Comparison of amphotericin B, flucytosine and itraconazole with amphotericin B and flucytosine in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS","volume":"80","author":"Chotmongkol","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1086\/652652","article-title":"Early versus delayed initiation of antiretroviral therapy for concurrent HIV infection and cryptococcal meningitis in sub-saharan Africa","volume":"50","author":"Makadzange","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"issue":"138","key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C57","article-title":"The inverse of the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00049-8","article-title":"The results of direct and indirect treatment comparisons in meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"50","author":"Bucher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00210-9","article-title":"Choice of effect measure for epidemiological data","volume":"53","author":"Walter","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-3-183","article-title":"Fluconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. A randomized trial","volume":"113","author":"Larsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199202000-00007","article-title":"Itraconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"6","author":"de Gans","year":"1992","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C62","first-page":"1677","article-title":"Comparison of one week with two week regimens of amphotericin B both followed by fluconazole in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis among AIDS patients","volume":"89","author":"Tansuphaswadikul","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199306000-00011","article-title":"Treatment of cryptococcosis with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in 23 patients with AIDS","volume":"7","author":"Coker","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.3.556","article-title":"Randomized comparison of amphotericin B deoxycholate dissolved in dextrose or Intralipid for the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"23","author":"Joly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199712000-00010","article-title":"Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) compared with amphotericin B both followed by oral fluconazole in the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"11","author":"Leenders","year":"1997","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1086\/342299","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of acetazolamide for the treatment of elevated intracranial pressure in cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"35","author":"Newton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.1.238","article-title":"High-dose fluconazole for treatment of cryptococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The California Collaborative Treatment Group","volume":"170","author":"Haubrich","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.5.838","article-title":"High-dose fluconazole therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS","volume":"22","author":"Menichetti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin lnfect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809202600701","article-title":"Parenteral and oral fluconazole for acute cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS: experience with thirteen patients","volume":"26","author":"Stern","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"2020081006372395000_OFV010C70","first-page":"253","article-title":"Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with combination itraconazole and flucytosine","volume":"77","author":"Chotmongkol","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/2\/1\/ofv010\/33620813\/ofv010.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/2\/1\/ofv010\/33620813\/ofv010.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T10:46:52Z","timestamp":1597056412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofv010\/1461985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofv010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2328-8957"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"article-number":"ofv010"}}