{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T05:42:55Z","timestamp":1768455775987,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]],"date-time":"2016-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":643,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative and by the UW Center for AIDS Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"a National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30 AI027757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI027757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH Institutes and Centers"},{"name":"the USAID"},{"name":"NIH","award":["T32 AI007140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007140"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["K24 AI071113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 AI071113"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R34 MH099946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R34 MH099946"]}]},{"name":"KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme at the Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Kilifi"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"the Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["no. 077092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 077092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background. \u2003Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes a spectrum of disease, ranging from warts to cancer. Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with anogenital warts in East African men are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods. \u2003Kenyan men reporting high-risk sexual behavior were inspected for anogenital warts at enrollment and follow-up visits. Logistic regression was performed to identify associations with anogenital warts at baseline. Cox regression was performed to analyze predictors of incident anogenital warts, and Kaplan\u2013Meier curves were used to estimate clearance.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. \u2003Baseline anogenital wart prevalence in 1137 men was 2.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0%\u20134.0%) overall, 2.0% in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected men, and 9.4% in HIV-1-infected men (adjusted odds ratio, 5.43; 95% CI, 2.03\u201311.29). Over a median of 1.4 years, anogenital wart incidence among 1104 men was 5.3 (95% CI, 4.3\u20136.5) per 100 person-years. Having HIV-1 infection at baseline (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.66; 95% CI, 1.01\u20132.72) or a genital syndrome during follow-up (aHR, 4.78; 95% CI, 3.03\u20137.56) was associated with increased wart incidence. Wart clearance was lower in HIV-1-infected men (log-rank P&amp;lt;.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. \u2003Anogenital wart prevalence and incidence were increased in HIV-1-infected men, and anogenital warts co-occurred with other genital syndromes. Quadrivalent HPV vaccination should be recommended for young men in settings with high HIV-1 prevalence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]],"date-time":"2015-05-14T00:31:24Z","timestamp":1431563484000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence, Incidence, and Clearance of Anogenital Warts in Kenyan Men Reporting High-Risk Sexual Behavior, Including Men Who Have Sex With Men"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Santiago","family":"Neme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Wahome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research \u2013 Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Mwashigadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research \u2013 Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander N.","family":"Thiong'o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research \u2013 Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne D.","family":"Stekler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Epidemiology, Laboratory Medicine, and Medicine"},{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard J.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research \u2013 Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle"},{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research \u2013 Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081009163837200_OFV070C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105309351249","article-title":"The psychosocial burden of HPV: a mixed-method study of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among HPV+ women","volume":"15","author":"Daley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"2020081009163837200_OFV070C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-113","article-title":"The quality of life of patients with genital warts: a qualitative study","volume":"10","author":"Mortensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2020081009163837200_OFV070C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58684","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058684","article-title":"HPV and genital warts among Peruvian men who have sex with men and transgender people: knowledge, attitudes and treatment experiences","volume":"8","author":"Nurena","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"(suppl 1)","key":"2020081009163837200_OFV070C4","first-page":"S2","article-title":"Traditional therapies for the treatment of condylomata acuminata (genital warts)","volume":"39","author":"Jablonska","year":"1998","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"2020081009163837200_OFV070C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30060-X","article-title":"Human papillomavirus. 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