{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:24:46Z","timestamp":1790274286715,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":680,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group, CDC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background. \u2003Antimicrobial treatment and chemoprophylaxis of patients and their close contacts is critical to reduce the morbidity and mortality and prevent secondary cases of meningococcal disease. Through the 1990's, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to commonly used antimicrobials among Neisseria meningitidis was low in the United States. Susceptibility testing was performed to ascertain whether the proportions of isolates with reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials commonly used for N meningitidis have increased since 2004 in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods. \u2003Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution on 466 isolates of N meningitidis collected in 2004, 2008, 2010, and 2011 from an active, population-based surveillance system for susceptibility to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, penicillin G, rifampin, and azithromycin. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was investigated for isolates with intermediate or resistant phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. \u2003All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and azithromycin, 10.3% were penicillin G intermediate (range, 8% in 2008\u201316.7% in 2010), and &amp;lt;1% were ciprofloxacin, rifampin, or penicillin G resistant. Of the penicillin G intermediate or resistant isolates, 63% contained mutations in the penA gene associated with reduced susceptibility to penicillin G. All ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates contained mutations in the gyrA gene associated with reduced susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. \u2003Resistance of N meningitidis to antimicrobials used for empirical treatment of meningitis in the United States has not been detected, and resistance to penicillin G and chemoprophylaxis agents remains uncommon. Therapeutic agent recommendations remain valid. Although periodic surveillance is warranted to monitor trends in susceptibility, routine clinical testing may be of little use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]],"date-time":"2015-08-15T00:54:04Z","timestamp":1439600044000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Population-Based Surveillance of Neisseria meningitidis Antimicrobial Resistance in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Brian H.","family":"Harcourt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raydel D.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry M.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda C.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"MacNeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Messonnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard W.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441807","article-title":"Meningococcal disease","volume":"344","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1086\/425368","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis","volume":"39","author":"Tunkel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C3","first-page":"500","article-title":"Meningococcal infections","volume-title":"Red Book: 2012 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2012","edition":"28th ed"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of meningococcal disease. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"54","author":"Bilukha","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C5","first-page":"173","article-title":"Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria meningitidis--Minnesota and North Dakota, 2007\u20132008","volume":"57","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.2.438","article-title":"Prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis relatively resistant to penicillin in the United States, 1991. Meningococcal Disease Study Group","volume":"169","author":"Jackson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1086\/313599","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria meningitidis in the United States, 1997. The Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) Team","volume":"30","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C8","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance among U.S. surveillance isolates of Neisseria meningitidis from 1997\u20132002","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2005"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.4.1592-1593.2006","article-title":"Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria meningitidis from patients in the Cincinnati tristate region (Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana)","volume":"44","author":"Mortensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1106.050143","article-title":"Rifampin-resistant meningococcal disease","volume":"11","author":"Rainbow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806414","article-title":"Emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis in North America","volume":"360","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8988","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.22.8988","article-title":"Recruitment of a penicillin-binding protein gene from Neisseria flavescens during the emergence of penicillin resistance in Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"86","author":"Spratt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00412-07","article-title":"Target gene sequencing to characterize the penicillin G susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"51","author":"Taha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.8.1523","article-title":"Genetic diversity of penicillin-binding protein 2 genes of penicillin-resistant strains of Neisseria meningitidis revealed by fingerprinting of amplified DNA","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.4.1116-1116.2000","article-title":"An invasive isolate of Neisseria meningitidis showing decreased susceptibility to quinolones","volume":"44","author":"Shultz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1310.060820","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis, Delhi, India","volume":"13","author":"Singhal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.12.001","article-title":"Evaluation of quinolone resistance-determining region mutations and efflux pump expression in Neisseria meningitidis resistant to fluoroquinolones","volume":"72","author":"Castanheira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.6.1256","article-title":"Molecular characterization of rifampin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"38","author":"Carter","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00315-10","article-title":"Multicenter study for defining the breakpoint for rifampin resistance in Neisseria meningitidis by rpoB sequencing","volume":"54","author":"Taha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0701.010114","article-title":"Active bacterial core surveillance of the emerging infections program network","volume":"7","author":"Schuchat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.320-328.2004","article-title":"Use of real-time PCR to resolve slide agglutination discrepancies in serogroup ide.jpegication of Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"42","author":"Mothershed","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C22","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology","author":"Murray","year":"2007","edition":"9th ed"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C23","volume-title":"Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard\u2014Eighth ed","author":"CLSI","year":"2009"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C24","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement","author":"CLSI","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-595","article-title":"BIGSdb: scalable analysis of bacterial genome variation at the population level","volume":"11","author":"Jolley","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4666","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4666-4670.2003","article-title":"Prediction of decreased susceptibility to penicillin of Neisseria meningitidis strains by real-time PCR","volume":"41","author":"Stefanelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e208","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31826323a4","article-title":"Practice patterns of infectious disease physicians for management of meningococcal disease","volume":"31","author":"Terranella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.6.1705-1707.2000","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Neisseria meningitidis isolates from patients and asymptomatic carriers","volume":"44","author":"Arreaza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.1.173","article-title":"Genetic diversity of penicillin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"166","author":"Campos","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1003.030357","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis C:2b:P1.2,5 with intermediate resistance to penicillin, Portugal","volume":"10","author":"Canica","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70806-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in the Netherlands, 1960\u20132012: an analysis of national surveillance data","volume":"14","author":"Bijlsma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06310-11","article-title":"Evolutionary changes in antimicrobial resistance of invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates in Belgium from 2000 to 2010: increasing prevalence of penicillin nonsusceptibility","volume":"56","author":"Bertrand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01077-09","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease with decreased susceptibility to penicillin in Ontario, Canada, 2000 to 2006","volume":"54","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3109\/00365540903292682","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility of invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates from 1995 to 2008 in Sweden--the meningococcal population remains susceptible","volume":"42","author":"Hedberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00221-08","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis intermediately resistant to penicillin and causing invasive disease in South Africa in 2001 to 2005","volume":"46","author":"du Plessis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00362-4","article-title":"Mechanisms other than penicillin-binding protein-2 alterations may contribute to moderate penicillin resistance in Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"18","author":"Orus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki048","article-title":"Emergence of Neisseria meningitidis with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Argentina","volume":"55","author":"Corso","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1408.080040","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria meningitidis, France","volume":"14","author":"Skoczynska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081009271668800_OFV117C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058065","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis disease-causing strains in Argentina, 2010","volume":"8","author":"Sorhouet-Pereira","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/2\/3\/ofv117\/33621502\/ofv117.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/2\/3\/ofv117\/33621502\/ofv117.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T13:39:13Z","timestamp":1597066753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofv117\/2460517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofv117","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"article-number":"ofv117"}}