{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:31:09Z","timestamp":1791351069039,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,25]],"date-time":"2016-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":329,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"H\u00e9patites Virales"},{"name":"Abbott and Roche"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background. \u2003Although it is the best method to detect early therapeutic failure, viral load (VL) monitoring is still not widely available in many resource-limited settings because of difficulties in specimen transfer, personnel shortage, and insufficient laboratory infrastructures. Dried blood spot (DBS) use, which was introduced in the latest World Health Organization recommendations, can overcome these difficulties. This evaluation aimed at validating VL measurement in DBS, in a laboratory without previous DBS experience and in routine testing conditions.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods. \u2003Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults were observed in a HIV care site in Hanoi, and each patient provided 2 DBS cards with whole blood spots and 2 plasma samples. Viral load was measured in DBS and in plasma using the COBAS Ampliprep\/TaqMan and the Abbott RealTime assays. To correctly identify those with VL \u2265 1000 copies\/mL, sensitivity and specificity were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. \u2003A total of 198 patients were enrolled. With the Roche technique, 51 plasma VL were \u22651000 copies\/mL; among these, 28 presented a VL in DBS that was also \u22651000 copies\/mL (sensitivity, 54.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 40.3\u201368.9). On the other hand, all plasma VL &amp;lt; 1000 copies\/mL were also &amp;lt;1000 copies\/mL in DBS (specificity, 100; 95% CI, 97.5\u2013100). With the Abbott technique, 45 plasma VL were \u22651000 copies\/mL; among these, 42 VL in DBS were also \u22651000 copies\/mL (sensitivity, 93.3%; 95% CI, 81.7\u201398.6); specificity was 94.8 (95% CI, 90.0\u201397.7).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. \u2003The Abbott RealTime polymerase chain reaction assay provided adequate VL results in DBS, thus allowing DBS use for VL monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,8]],"date-time":"2016-07-08T01:12:56Z","timestamp":1467940376000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Evaluation of Two Techniques for Viral Load Monitoring Using Dried Blood Spot in Routine Practice in Vietnam (French National Agency for AIDS and Hepatitis Research 12338)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Fabien","family":"Taieb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur"},{"name":"Direction de la Recherche Clinique et du D\u00e9veloppement-Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Hong","family":"Tram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference HIV Molecular Laboratory, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hien Thi","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS Prevention and Control, Hanoi School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Anh","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS Prevention and Control, Hanoi School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huong Lan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong Da Outpatient Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ba Hien","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong Da Outpatient Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linh An","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Administration of HIV\/AIDS Control, Hanoi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Tuaillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 1058, Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Montpellier University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Delaporte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte Internationale 233 Recherche Translationnelle Appliqu\u00e9e au VIH et aux Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement and Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier 1, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh Tuan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference HIV Molecular Laboratory, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc Duong","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Administration of HIV\/AIDS Control, Hanoi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NhanThi","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Administration of HIV\/AIDS Control, Hanoi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoann","family":"Madec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C1","article-title":"Global update on the health sector response to HIV","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02338.x","article-title":"Accuracy of WHO CD4 cell count criteria for virological failure of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"14","author":"Keiser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir729","article-title":"Immunologic criteria are poor predictors of virologic outcome: implications for HIV treatment monitoring in resource-limited settings","volume":"53","author":"Rawizza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C4","article-title":"Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral therapy and preventing HIV infection. What's new","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6446a3","article-title":"Scale-up of HIV viral load monitoring\u2014seven sub-Saharan African countries","volume":"64","author":"Lecher","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.1086\/650384","article-title":"Patient needs and point-of-care requirements for HIV load testing in resource-limited settings","volume":"201","author":"Usdin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0173-7","article-title":"Feasibility of HIV point-of-care tests for resource-limited settings: challenges and solutions","volume":"12","author":"Stevens","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-092112-143017","article-title":"Emerging technologies for point-of-care management of HIV infection","volume":"66","author":"Shafiee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00593-14","article-title":"SAMBA HIV semiquantitative test, a new point-of-care viral-load-monitoring assay for resource-limited settings","volume":"52","author":"Ritchie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03325-14","article-title":"Laboratory evaluation of the Liat HIV Quant (IQuum) whole-blood and plasma HIV-1 viral load assays for point-of-care testing in South Africa","volume":"53","author":"Scott","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C11","first-page":"195","article-title":"Dried blood spots for HIV-1 drug resistance and viral load testing: a review of current knowledge and WHO efforts for global HIV drug resistance surveillance","volume":"12","author":"Bertagnolio","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.10.120","article-title":"Dried blood spots in HIV monitoring: applications in resource-limited settings","volume":"2","author":"Johannessen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C13","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS. Diagnostics technology landscape. 4th ed.","author":"UNITAID","year":"2014"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C14","article-title":"WHO manual for HIV drug resistance testing using dried blood spot specimens","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.11.021","article-title":"Measuring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA loads in dried blood spot specimens using NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 v2.0","volume":"47","author":"van Deursen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2020081006273219600_OFW142C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq205","article-title":"Effect of storage conditions of dried plasma and blood spots on HIV-1 RNA quantification and PCR amplification for drug resistance genotyping","volume":"65","author":"Monleau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob 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