{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:31:14Z","timestamp":1787941874679,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":343,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have been used as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis (TB) in the United States for many years. We sought to assess NAAT use in TB patients in California during a period of time when NAAT availability increased throughout the world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective review of surveillance data from 6051 patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB who were reported to the California TB registry during 2010\u20132013.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only 2336 of 6051 (39%) TB patients had a NAAT for diagnosis before culture results. Although 90% (N = 2101) with NAAT had positive test results, 9% (N = 217) had falsely negative NAAT results, and 0.8% (N = 18) had indeterminate NAAT results. The median time from specimen collection to TB treatment initiation was shorter when NAAT was used (3 vs 14 days, P &amp;lt; .0001), and patients with a positive NAAT result initiated treatment earlier than patients with a falsely negative result (1 vs 11 days from NAAT report, P &amp;lt; .0001). We confirmed the increased sensitivity of NAAT compared with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy in our study population; 92 of 145 AFB smear-negative patients had positive NAATs. Median time from specimen collection to NAAT result report differed by health jurisdiction, from 1 to 11 working days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased use of NAATs in diagnosis of pulmonary TB could decrease the time-to-treatment initiation and consequently decrease transmission. However, differential use and access to NAAT may prevent full realization of NAAT benefits in California.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T22:14:55Z","timestamp":1478038495000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Use of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests in Tuberculosis Patients in California, 2010\u20132013"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Gianna","family":"Peralta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Present Affiliation: Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Georgia Department of Public Health, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pennan","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Pascopella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081006374006800_CIT0001","volume-title":"Reported tuberculosis in the United States, 2014","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020081006374006800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.5.639","article-title":"The role of clinical suspicion in evaluating a new diagnostic test for active tuberculosis: results of a multicenter prospective trial","volume":"283","author":"Catanzaro","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020081006374006800_CIT0003","first-page":"7","article-title":"Updated guidelines for the use of nucleic acid amplification tests in the diagnosis of tuberculosis","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2020081006374006800_CIT0004","first-page":"821","article-title":"Availability of an assay for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including rifampin-resistant strains, and considerations for its use - United States, 2013","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2020081006374006800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201311-1974OC","article-title":"Impact of GeneXpert MTB\/RIF on patients and tuberculosis programs in a low-burden setting. 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