{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:08:25Z","timestamp":1762862905412,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006090","name":"Center for Global Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Colorado School of Public Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007180","name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Center for Research Resources Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute","award":["UL1 TR001082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001082"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infection causes 1 of every 5 neonatal deaths globally. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the most significant pathogen, although little is known about its epidemiology and risk in low-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional study in 2015 at a public hospital in Guatemala City enrolled women \u226535 weeks\u2019 gestation. Vaginal and rectal swabs were processed using Lim broth and GBS CHROMagar then agglutination testing. Risk factors were assessed using multivariate analysis. Vaginal microbiota were profiled by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing in a subset of 94 women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 896 pregnant women, 155 (17.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.9\u201319.9) were GBS colonized. Colonization was associated with history of previous infant with poor outcome (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% CI, 1.15\u20133.27) and increasing maternal age (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.09). Multiparity was protective (OR, .39; 95% CI, .21\u2013.72). Four (6%) GBS-exposed infants had early-onset neonatal sepsis. Vaginal microbiome composition was associated with previous antibiotic exposure (P = .003) and previous low birth weight infant (P = .03), but not GBS colonization (P = .72). Several individual taxa differed in abundance between colonized and noncolonized women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Group B Streptococcus is prevalent in pregnant women from Guatemala with different risk factors than previously described. Although the vaginal microbiome was not altered significantly in GBS-colonized women, use of antibiotics had an effect on its composition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T10:11:15Z","timestamp":1486548675000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Group B Streptococci Colonization in Pregnant Guatemalan Women: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Vaginal Microbiome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Rick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angie","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco Marroqu\u00edn, Guatemala City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosita","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Remei","family":"Gordillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Melgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Samayoa-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin J.","family":"Asturias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora"},{"name":"Center for Global Health and Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"reference":[{"author":"You","key":"2020081005171482000_CIT0001"},{"key":"2020081005171482000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60560-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000","volume":"379","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"volume-title":"Guatemala Health System Assessment 2015","year":"2015","author":"Avila","key":"2020081005171482000_CIT0003"},{"key":"2020081005171482000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61651-6","article-title":"Group B streptococcal disease in infants aged younger than 3 months: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"379","author":"Edmond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020081005171482000_CIT0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease\u2013revised guidelines from CDC, 2010","volume":"59","author":"Verani","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2020081005171482000_CIT0006","first-page":"604","article-title":"The epidemiology of group B streptococcal colonization in pregnancy. 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