{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:04:04Z","timestamp":1778605444648,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rapid diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and identification of Leishmania species is highly important for the disease management. In Israel, CL is caused mainly by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica species.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We established an easy to handle point of care lesion-swabbing, combined with a highly sensitive multiplex real time PCR (multiplex qPCR) for accurate and rapid diagnosis of Leishmania species.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using three probes: one general for: Leishmania species, and two specific for L major, and L tropica, we screened 1783 clinical samples collected during two years. Leishmania species was found in 1086 individuals, 1008 L major, and 70 L tropica. Eight samples positive for Leishmania species only, were further tested using a second set of multiplex qPCR developed, and were found positive for Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum\/donovani (2 and 6 samples, concomitantly).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Taken together, the test enabled diagnostics and better treatment of Leishmania infections from the Old World (1078 samples) and the New World (8 samples), and the subtyping of the dominant strains in the region, as well as in returning travelers\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,25]],"date-time":"2017-02-25T08:42:03Z","timestamp":1488012123000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sensitive Molecular Diagnostics for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Orli","family":"Sagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Parasitology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anat","family":"Berkowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Parasitology"},{"name":"Clinical Virology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shlomi","family":"Codish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clalit Health Services, Southern District, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Novack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aviv","family":"Rashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Parasitology"},{"name":"Clinical Virology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fouad","family":"Akad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology Laboratory, Central Laboratories Jerusalem, Ministry of Health, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonat","family":"Shemer-Avni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Virology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081005072987900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020081005072987900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2010.140182","article-title":"Resurgence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Israel, 2001-2012","volume":"20","author":"Gandacu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081005072987900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2014.977342","article-title":"Dramatic increase in laboratory-diagnosed human cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in southern Israel, 2007-2013","volume":"47","author":"Ben-Shimol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"key":"2020081005072987900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.05.001","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Israel and the Palestinian Authority","volume":"20","author":"Jaffe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2020081005072987900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1409.071100","article-title":"Ecoepidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak, Israel","volume":"14","author":"Singer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081005072987900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2016-0118","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in Southern Israel","volume":"61","author":"Ben-Shimol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"2020081005072987900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10178-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"354","author":"Herwaldt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020081005072987900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1990653111","article-title":"Taxonomy of Leishmania. 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