{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:46:39Z","timestamp":1767649599440,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":95,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23-AI103105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23-AI103105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adverse birth outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW), defined as &amp;lt;2500 grams, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and prematurity, contribute to 60%\u201380% of infant mortality worldwide and may be related to infections during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess whether febrile human rhinovirus (HRV) illness is associated with adverse birth outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Active household-based weekly surveillance was performed for respiratory illness episodes in pregnant women as part of a community-based, prospective, randomized trial of maternal influenza immunization in rural Nepal. Rhinovirus (HRV) febrile illness episodes were defined as fever plus cough, sore throat, runny nose, and\/or myalgia with HRV detected on mid-nasal swab. Multivariate regression analysis evaluated the association between febrile HRV respiratory illness and adverse birth outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 96 (3%) of 3693 pregnant women had HRV-positive febrile respiratory illnesses. Infants born to pregnant women with HRV febrile illness had a 1.6-fold increased risk of being LBW compared with those with non-HRV febrile illness (28 of 96 [38%] vs 109 of 458 [24%]; relative risk [RR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1\u20132.3). No difference in risk of LBW was observed between infants born to mothers with non-HRV febrile respiratory illness and those without respiratory illness during pregnancy (109 of 458 [24%] vs 552 of 2220 [25%], respectively; RR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8\u20131.2).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Febrile illness due to rhinovirus during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of LBW in a rural South Asian population. Interventions to reduce the burden of febrile respiratory illness due to rhinovirus during pregnancy may have a significant impact on LBW and subsequent infant mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T05:50:50Z","timestamp":1491457850000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Febrile Rhinovirus Illness During Pregnancy Is Associated With Low Birth Weight in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Erin K","family":"Philpott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet A","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington"},{"name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Tielsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Healthy, George Washington University, Washington DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subarna","family":"Khatry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project-Sarlahi, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen C","family":"LeClerq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project-Sarlahi, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laxman","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Kuypers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amalia S","family":"Magaret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark C","family":"Steinhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen Y","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31575-6","article-title":"Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"GBD 2015 Child Mortality Collaborators","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422007","article-title":"Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery","volume":"342","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1213566","article-title":"Pregnancy and infection","volume":"370","author":"Kourtis","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79040","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079040","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) illness in Florida, 2009\u20132010: a population-based cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Doyle","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.51.8.1182","article-title":"The effect of Asian influenza on the outcome of pregnancy, Baltimore, 1957\u20131958","volume":"51","author":"Hardy","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Nations Health"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000441","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000441","article-title":"Maternal influenza immunization and reduced likelihood of prematurity and small for gestational age births: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Omer","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110754","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes after influenza immunization during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"184","author":"Steinhoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1586101","article-title":"The effects of influenza vaccination during pregnancy on birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Nunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/156.1.43","article-title":"Rhinovirus infections in Tecumseh, Michigan: frequency of illness and number of serotypes","volume":"156","author":"Monto","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.539-542.1998","article-title":"Viruses and bacteria in the etiology of the common cold","volume":"36","author":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00077-12","article-title":"Human rhinoviruses","volume":"26","author":"Jacobs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500245","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults","volume":"373","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405870","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children","volume":"372","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01120.x","article-title":"The preterm parturition syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Romero","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0470-y","article-title":"Designs of two randomized, community-based trials to assess the impact of influenza immunization during pregnancy on respiratory illness among pregnant women and their infants and reproductive outcomes in rural Nepal","volume":"15","author":"Tielsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e330","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1192","article-title":"Impact of newborn skin-cleansing with chlorhexidine on neonatal mortality in southern Nepal: a community-based, cluster-randomized trial","volume":"119","author":"Tielsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61490-2","article-title":"International standards for fetal growth based on serial ultrasound measurements: the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project","volume":"384","author":"Papageorghiou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01739-07","article-title":"Real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for comprehensive detection of human rhinoviruses","volume":"46","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.11.023","article-title":"Detection and quantification of human metapneumovirus in pediatric specimens by real-time RT-PCR","volume":"33","author":"Kuypers","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00216-06","article-title":"Comparison of real-time PCR assays with fluorescent-antibody assays for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children","volume":"44","author":"Kuypers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1406","article-title":"Clinical disease in children associated with newly described coronavirus subtypes","volume":"119","author":"Kuypers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01508-09","article-title":"Detection of bocavirus in saliva of children with and without respiratory illness","volume":"47","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.11.006","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of human rhinovirus infections in the pediatric emergency department","volume":"62","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu099","article-title":"Rhinovirus disease in children seeking care in a tertiary pediatric emergency department","volume":"5","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp259","article-title":"SeaView version 4: a multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building","volume":"27","author":"Gouy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2144\/000113370","article-title":"DIVEIN: a web server to analyze phylogenies, sequence divergence, diversity, and informative sites","volume":"48","author":"Deng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-310","article-title":"Seasonality of birth outcomes in rural Sarlahi District, Nepal: a population-based prospective cohort","volume":"14","author":"Hughes","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1211.060152","article-title":"Emerging infections and pregnancy","volume":"12","author":"Jamieson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2111.150497","article-title":"Maternal effects of respiratory syncytial virus infection during pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"Wheeler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182568c67","article-title":"Spectrum of respiratory viruses in children with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"31","author":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S180","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1070","article-title":"Lower respiratory infections among hospitalized children in New Caledonia: a pilot study for the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health project","volume":"54","author":"Mermond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.1.37","article-title":"Respiratory viruses in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalisation: a case-control study","volume":"58","author":"Rohde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.9.2105011","article-title":"Respiratory viruses, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"164","author":"Seemungal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit839","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral infections in older adults with moderate to severe influenza-like illness","volume":"209","author":"Falsey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640715","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/640715","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of fetal growth restriction","volume":"2011","author":"Bamfo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0036","first-page":"198","article-title":"Seasonal dietary intakes and socioeconomic status among women in the Terai of Nepal","volume":"32","author":"Campbell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"2020081005172616400_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.5.988","article-title":"Low maternal weight gain in the second or third trimester increases the risk for intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"129","author":"Strauss","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/4\/2\/ofx073\/33602870\/ofx073.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/4\/2\/ofx073\/33602870\/ofx073.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T09:18:39Z","timestamp":1597051119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofx073\/3106193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofx073","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2328-8957"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"article-number":"ofx073"}}