{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:34:07Z","timestamp":1790685247108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish Heart-Lung"},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Research funds","award":["VGFOUREG-228341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUREG-228341"]}]},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Research funds","award":["VGFOUREG-82811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUREG-82811"]}]},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Research funds","award":["ALFGBG-217671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-217671"]}]},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Research funds","award":["ALFGBG-439391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-439391"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Major hurdles for survival after lung transplantation are rejections and infectious complications. Adequate methods for monitoring immune suppression status are lacking. Here, we evaluated quantification of torque teno virus (TTV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as biomarkers for defining the net state of immunosuppression in lung-transplanted patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective single-center study included 98 patients followed for 2 years after transplantation. Bacterial infections, fungal infections, viral respiratory infections (VRTI), cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia, and acute rejections, as well as TTV and EBV levels, were monitored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The levels of torque teno virus DNA increased rapidly after transplantation, likely due to immunosuppressive treatment. A modest increase in levels of Epstein-Barr virus DNA was also observed after transplantation. There were no associations between either TTV or EBV and infectious events or acute rejection, respectively, during follow-up. When Tacrolimus was the main immunosuppressive treatment, TTV DNA levels were significantly elevated 6\u201324 months after transplantation as compared with Cyclosporine treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although replication of TTV, but not EBV, appears to reflect the functionality of the immune system, depending on the type of immunosuppressive treatment, quantification of TTV or EBV as biomarkers has limited potential for defining the net state of immune suppression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T11:33:29Z","timestamp":1522496009000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Quantification of Torque Teno Virus and Epstein-Barr Virus Is of Limited Value for Predicting the Net State of Immunosuppression After Lung Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3866-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rickard","family":"Nord\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases\/Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lundin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases\/Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ka-Wei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases\/Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Staffan","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Lindh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases\/Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars-Magnus","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases\/Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerdt C","family":"Riise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Westin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases\/Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081004274398700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.07.016","article-title":"The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirty-fourth Adult Lung And Heart-Lung Transplantation Report-2017; focus theme: allograft ischemic time","volume":"36","author":"Chambers","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heart Lung 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