{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T06:13:19Z","timestamp":1764655999869,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Persons born between 1945 and 1965 account for an estimated 81% of those infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States. However, up to 60% remain undiagnosed. Prior studies have reported HCV screening results from large urban emergency departments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is a retrospective cohort study of patients in the 1945\u20131965 birth cohort tested for HCV in a large emergency department (ED) in New Jersey from June 1, 2016, through December 31, 2016. The purpose was to report HCV antibody and viral load results of this testing program located in a small urban\/suburban area and to analyze specific characteristics associated with positive results, such as race\/ethnicity and insurance status. Descriptive statistics were performed, and, using a multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 3046 patients were screened: 55.8% were white, and 17.9% were black; 52.1% had private insurance, 33.4% Medicare, 3.9% Medicaid. One hundred ninety-two were antibody positive (6.3%). Of 167 with HCV viral load testing results, 43% had a positive viral load. On multivariate analysis, black race and Medicaid were independently associated with a positive HCV viral load.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HCV antibody seropositivity was above 6% and twice as high as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated prevalence in this birth cohort. These results indicate that EDs outside of large urban cities are also important sites for routine HCV screening. Other findings of interest include 43% with chronic HCV infection and the persistent association between black race and positive HCV viral load even when adjusted for insurance status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T06:13:10Z","timestamp":1522044790000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Results of a Hepatitis C Virus Screening Program of the 1945\u20131965 Birth Cohort in a Large Emergency Department in New Jersey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Julia Kang","family":"Cornett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vimal","family":"Bodiwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Razuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devangi","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Navaneeth","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease","volume":"47","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27978","article-title":"Toward a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis C in the United States","volume":"62","author":"Edlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0003"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw111","article-title":"Rising mortality associated with hepatitis C virus in the United States, 2003-2013","volume":"62","author":"Ly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1945\u20131965","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-5-201309030-00672","article-title":"Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"159","author":"Moyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-1133","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2010","volume":"160","author":"Denniston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00004","article-title":"The increasing burden of mortality from viral hepatitis in the United States between 1999 and 2007","volume":"156","author":"Ly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0009","first-page":"554A","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus antibody prevalence, correlates and predictors among persons born from 1945 through 1965, United States, 1999\u20132008","volume":"54","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"author":"AASLD\/IDSA","key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0010"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jphp.3200028","article-title":"Should the emergency department be society\u2019s health safety net","volume":"26","author":"Ong Eng Hock","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Public Health Policy"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.12.072","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in the 1945\u20131965 birth cohort (baby boomers) in a large urban ED","volume":"34","author":"Allison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.06.023","article-title":"Results of a rapid hepatitis C virus screening and diagnostic testing program in an urban emergency department","volume":"67","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw073","article-title":"Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed hepatitis C in a Midwestern urban emergency department","volume":"62","author":"Lyons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw074","article-title":"Evaluation of the centers for disease control and prevention recommendations for hepatitis C virus testing in an urban emergency department","volume":"62","author":"Hsieh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27410","article-title":"Unrecognized chronic hepatitis C virus infection among baby boomers in the emergency department","volume":"61","author":"Galbraith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.01.033","article-title":"Recent hepatitis C virus testing patterns among baby boomers","volume":"53","author":"Jemal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2020081004275567300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00004","article-title":"The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002","volume":"144","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/5\/4\/ofy065\/33591088\/ofy065.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/5\/4\/ofy065\/33591088\/ofy065.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T08:29:27Z","timestamp":1597048167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofy065\/4953728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofy065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2328-8957"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"article-number":"ofy065"}}