{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T08:24:09Z","timestamp":1780561449387,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]],"date-time":"2018-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Host Defense Training in Allergy and Infectious Diseases","award":["T32 AI007044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007044"]}]},{"name":"STD and AIDS Research Training","award":["T32 AI007140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007140"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnancy has been associated with risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in highly endemic settings, but this association is not well characterized in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study in Washington State using linked birth certificate and hospital discharge records from 1992\u20132014. Among pregnant women with hepatitis B (n = 4391) and a hepatitis B\u2013negative group (n = 22 410), we compared the risk of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, placenta previa, preterm delivery, low birthweight, small for gestational age, and large for gestational age using multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis B\u2013infected pregnant women were more likely to be Asian (61% vs 8%, P &amp;lt; .001), foreign-born (76% vs 23%, P &amp;lt; .001), and older in age (77% vs 64% \u226526 years, P &amp;lt; .001). They were less commonly overweight or obese (33% vs 50%, P &amp;lt; .001). There was a lower risk of small for gestational age infants among HBV-infected women (adjusted RR [aRR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67\u20130.93). The risk of other adverse outcomes was not significantly different between hepatitis B\u2013infected and \u2013negative women (gestational diabetes: aRR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.92\u20131.34; pre-eclampsia: aRR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.82\u20131.35; eclampsia: aRR, 2.31; 95% CI, 0.90\u20135.91; placenta previa: aRR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.35\u20133.84; preterm delivery: aRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.98\u20131.34; low birth weight: aRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.90\u20131.29; large for gestational age: aRR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.82\u20131.24).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a low-burden setting in the United States, hepatitis B infection was not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]],"date-time":"2018-06-09T11:07:36Z","timestamp":1528542456000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Maternal Hepatitis B Infection and Pregnancy Outcomes in the United States: A Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kristina L","family":"Bajema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen C","family":"Stankiewicz Karita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W","family":"Tenforde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen E","family":"Hawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee","family":"Heffron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081004292353600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30579-7","article-title":"The global burden of viral hepatitis from 1990 to 2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"388","author":"Stanaway","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020081004292353600_CIT0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. 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