{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:01:06Z","timestamp":1781236866807,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,16]],"date-time":"2018-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative","award":["6NU58DP006309)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6NU58DP006309)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complication of chronic hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infection. New York City (NYC) has a high prevalence of HBV and HCV, and infected persons likely face increased mortality from HCC and other causes. We describe the mortality profile of NYC residents with HBV or HCV, emphasizing the contributions of HCC and HIV coinfection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2003Two existing data sets were combined to examine all individuals diagnosed with HBV or HCV in NYC first reported to the Health Department during 2001\u20132012 and their HCC, HIV, and vital status. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of HCC diagnosis by viral hepatitis status, whereas Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard of death by HCC\/HIV status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 120 952 and 127 933 individuals were diagnosed with HBV or HCV, respectively. HCV-infected individuals had 17% higher odds of HCC diagnosis than HBV-infected individuals and 3.2 times higher odds of HIV coinfection. Those with HCV were twice as likely to die during the study period (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.96\u20132.12). The risk of death increased for those with HIV or HCC and was highest for those with both conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HCC and HIV represent substantial risks to survival for both HBV- and HCV-infected individuals. Individuals with HBV need close monitoring and treatment, when indicated, and routine HCC screening. Those with HCV need increased, timely access to curative medications before developing liver disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T00:29:44Z","timestamp":1529368184000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Mortality Among Individuals With Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Infection in New York City, 2001\u20132012"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3391-2818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miranda S","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hepatitis Program Surveillance Unit, Bureau of Communicable Disease, Queens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Bocour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hepatitis Program Surveillance Unit, Bureau of Communicable Disease, Queens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia C","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baozhen","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J","family":"Schymura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Laraque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hepatitis Program, Bureau of Communicable Disease, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Winters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hepatitis Program, Bureau of Communicable Disease, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081004292657900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-011-9653-7","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection\u2014New York City, 2008","volume":"89","author":"France","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"2020081004292657900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28109","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in U.S. households: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 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