{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:44:22Z","timestamp":1790232262931,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Caen and Caen Normandy University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to describe the frequency, risk factors, and costs attributable to drug\u2013drug interactions (DDIs) among an aging French HIV population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using French nationwide health care e-records: the SNIIRAM database. People living with HIV (PLWH) aged &amp;gt;65 years and receiving combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) during 2016 were included. A DDI was defined as \u201cThese drugs should not be co-administered,\u201d represented by a red symbol on the University of Liverpool website. Attributable DDIs\u2019 cost was defined as the difference between individuals with and without DDIs regarding all reimbursed health care acts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 9076 PLWH met the study criteria. Their baseline characteristics were: mean age, 71.3 \u00b1 4.9 years; 25% female; median HIV duration (interquartile range [IQR]), 16.2 (9.5\u201320.3) years; median comorbidities (IQR), 2 (1\u20133). During 2016, they received a median (IQR) of 14 (9\u201321) comedications (non-cART), and 1529 individuals had at least 1 DDI (16.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1\u201317.6). In multivariate analysis, raltegravir or dolutegravir plus 2 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) significantly and independently reduced the risk of DDIs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.02; 95% CI, 0.005\u20130.050; P &amp;lt; .0001) compared with non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor plus 2 NRTIs, whereas cART with boosted agents (protease inhibitors or elvitegravir) significantly increased the risk (aOR, 4.12; 95% CI, 3.34\u20135.10; P &amp;lt; .0001). Compared with propensity score\u2013matched PLWH without DDIs, the presence of DDIs was associated with a $2693 additional cost per year (P &amp;lt; .0001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The presence of DDIs is frequent and significantly increases health care costs in the aging population of PLWH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T05:49:16Z","timestamp":1553233756000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Risk and Cost Associated With Drug\u2013Drug Interactions Among Aging HIV Patients Receiving Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in France"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ludivine","family":"Demessine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Caen Normandy University, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Peyro-Saint-Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward M","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Ghosn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR 1137, IAME, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"},{"name":"APHP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Parienti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France"},{"name":"Caen Normandy University, EA2656 Groupe de Recherche sur l\u2019Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081003482067200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81355","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081355","article-title":"Closing the gap: increases in life expectancy among treated HIV-positive individuals in the United States and Canada","volume":"8","author":"Samji","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020081003482067200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61113-7","article-title":"Life expectancy of individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries: a collaborative analysis of 14 cohort 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