{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:34:11Z","timestamp":1773300851185,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01 DK082867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK082867"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) may experience spontaneous biochemical flares of liver disease activity. This study aimed to determine (i) the prevalence of prior and possible acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among persons with chronic HBV and (ii) whether HEV infection is associated with liver disease flares among persons with chronic HBV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serum from a random sample of 600 adults in the Hepatitis B Research Network Cohort Study was tested for HEV RNA and anti-HEV IgM and IgG. Logistic regression models were used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios of anti-HEV prevalence for participant characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anti-HEV IgG and IgM seroprevalence was 28.5% and 1.7%, respectively. No participants had detectable HEV RNA. Of the 10 anti-HEV IgM+ participants, only 1 had elevated serum ALT at seroconversion. The odds of anti-HEV seropositivity (IgG+ or IgM+) were higher in older participants, males, Asians, less educated people, and those born outside the United States and Canada.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acute HEV infection is a rare cause of serum ALT flares among persons with chronic HBV. The high seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG among the chronic HBV patients is strongly associated with various demographic factors in this largely Asian American cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T23:50:16Z","timestamp":1554767416000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence and Impact of Hepatitis E Virus Infection Among Persons With Chronic Hepatitis B Living in the US and Canada"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3497-5087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R","family":"McGivern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"},{"name":"Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsing-Hua S","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Benzine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harry L A","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mandana","family":"Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Lisker-Melman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven H","family":"Belle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W","family":"Fried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081003483468200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1338112","article-title":"Hepatitis E: clinical presentation in disease-endemic areas and diagnosis","volume":"33","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"2020081003483468200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1338113","article-title":"Zoonotic and foodborne transmission of hepatitis E 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