{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T19:40:42Z","timestamp":1790538042187,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32 AI055413-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32 AI055413-14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis has evolved substantially over the past 80 years. Traditional teachings (eg, that antimicrobials must be given parenterally, selected based upon ratios of achieved bone vs serum drug levels, and continued for 4\u20136 weeks) are supported by limited data. New studies are challenging this dogma, however. In this review, we seek to contextualize the discussion by providing a narrative, chronologic review of osteomyelitis treatment spanning the pre-antibiotic era through the present day and by describing the quality of evidence supporting each component of traditional osteomyelitis therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T16:50:04Z","timestamp":1558111804000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["The History of Antibiotic Treatment of Osteomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s W","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Penfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prathit A","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318186eb4b","article-title":"The impact of the current epidemiology of pediatric musculoskeletal infection on evaluation and treatment guidelines","volume":"28","author":"Gafur","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679808997789","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute vertebral osteomyelitis in Denmark: 137 cases in Denmark 1978-1982, compared to cases reported to the National Patient Register 1991-1993","volume":"69","author":"Krogsgaard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1086\/599348","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in children\u2019s hospitals in the United States","volume":"49","author":"Gerber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.01350","article-title":"Trends in the epidemiology of osteomyelitis: a population-based study, 1969 to 2009","volume":"97","author":"Kremers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704033361406","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"336","author":"Lew","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16727-5","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"364","author":"Lew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.01.007","article-title":"Short- versus long-course antibiotics in osteomyelitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1710926","article-title":"Oral versus intravenous antibiotics for bone and joint infection","volume":"380","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0009","volume-title":"The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus","author":"Breasted","year":"1930"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-191901000-00014","article-title":"Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis","volume":"69","year":"1919","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-192206000-00011","article-title":"The value of Dakin\u2019s solution in the treatment of acute and chronic osteomyelitis","volume":"75","author":"Wilensky","year":"1922","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193402000-00003","article-title":"The rationale of the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with special reference to maggot therapy","volume":"99","author":"Buchman","year":"1934","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics7040087","article-title":"Resolving digital staphylococcal osteomyelitis using bacteriophage\u2014a case report","author":"Fish","year":"2018;7(4)","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0014","first-page":"651","article-title":"The pathogenesis of the end results of the lesions of acute osteomyelitis","volume":"84","author":"Wilensky","year":"1926","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194107000-00014","article-title":"Chemotherapy as an aid in the management of acute osteomyelitis","volume":"114","author":"Penberthy","year":"1941","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2020081003472808000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194702272360904","article-title":"Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with streptomycin; 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