{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:48:52Z","timestamp":1790516932742,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fulbright Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data regarding invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) following respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in patients with leukemia and\/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (LHSCT) are limited.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective case-control study of post-RVI IPA (2006\u20132016). Cases were patients who underwent LHSCT and had RVI due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus (INF), or parainfluenza virus (PIV) followed by culture-documented IPA within 6 weeks. Controls had IPA only.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 54 cases and 142 controls. Among cases, 29 (54%) had PIV infection, 14 (26%) had INF infection, and 11 (20%) had RSV infection. The median time to IPA after RVI was 7 days. A greater percentage of cases (37 [69%]) than controls (52 [37%]) underwent allogeneic HSCT (P &amp;lt; .0001). Cases were more likely to be nonneutropenic (33 [61%] vs 56 [39%]; P = .009) and in hematologic remission (27 [50%] vs 39 [27%]; P = .003) before IPA. Cases were more likely to have monocytopenia (45 [83%] vs 99 [70%]; P = .05) and less likely to have severe neutropenia (21 [39%] vs 86 [61%]; P = .007) at IPA diagnosis. Prior use of an Aspergillus-active triazole was more common in cases (27 of 28 [96%] vs 50 of 74 [68%]; P = .0017). Median time to empirical antifungal therapy initiation was 2 days in both groups. Crude 42-day mortality rates did not differ between cases (22%) and controls (27%), but the 42-day mortality rate was higher among cases with IPA after RSV infection (45%) than among those with IPA following INF or PIV infection (13%; P = .05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IPA had comparable outcomes when it followed RVI in patients who underwent LHSCT, and post-RVI IPA occurred more frequently in patients with prior allogeneic HSCT and was associated with leukemia relapse and neutropenia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T06:03:17Z","timestamp":1563516197000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Outcomes in Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infections Complicated by Respiratory Viral Infections in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Eleni E","family":"Magira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Infection Control and Employee Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy F","family":"Chemaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Infection Control and Employee Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Infection Control and Employee Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Tarrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios P","family":"Kontoyiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Infection Control and Employee Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081003580151000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181bb477e","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infection in recipients of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation: a retrospective study of the incidence, clinical features, and outcome","volume":"88","author":"Avetisyan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2020081003580151000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000232560.22098.4e","article-title":"Respiratory viral infections in adults with hematologic malignancies and human stem cell transplantation recipients: a retrospective study at a major cancer center","volume":"85","author":"Chemaly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2020081003580151000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12926","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12926","article-title":"Community-acquired respiratory virus lower respiratory tract disease in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipient: risk factors and mortality from pulmonary virus-bacterial mixed infections","volume":"20","author":"Pi\u00f1ana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081003580151000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofw171","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw171","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis associated with severe influenza infections","volume":"3","author":"Crum-Cianflone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081003580151000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1086\/588660","article-title":"Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC\/MSG) Consensus Group","volume":"46","author":"De Pauw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020081003580151000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87784","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087784","article-title":"Earlier diagnosis of invasive fusariosis with Aspergillus serum galactomannan testing","volume":"9","author":"Nucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020081003580151000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2005.09.004","article-title":"National Institutes of Health consensus development project on criteria for clinical trials in chronic graft-versus-host disease: I. 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