{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T05:36:32Z","timestamp":1781242592110,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Q-support Foundation","award":["UMCN-160708-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMCN-160708-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although most patients recover from acute Q fever, around 20% develop Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS), a debilitating fatigue syndrome that lasts at least 6 months. This study investigated transcriptional profiles of circulating monocytes and circulating cytokines as a subsequent mirror of myeloid cell function, 1 and 6 months after an acute Q fever infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Total RNA of circulating monocytes was collected from 11 acute Q fever patients and 15 healthy controls, matched for age (\u00b15 years) and sex. Samples were collected at a median of 27 days (baseline, interquartile range, 15\u201335 days) after the infection and again 6 months thereafter. Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA sequencing. Additionally, concentrations of circulating interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1\u03b2, IL-1Ra, and IL-6 were measured in serum.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At baseline, acute Q fever patients clearly show a differential transcriptional program compared with healthy controls. This is still the case at follow-up, albeit to a lesser extent. At baseline, a significant difference in levels of circulating IL-10 (P = .0019), IL-1\u03b2 (P = .0067), IL-1Ra (P = .0008), and IL-6 (P = .0003) was seen. At follow-up, this difference had decreased for IL-10 (P = .0136) and IL-1Ra (P = .0017) and had become nonsignificant for IL-1\u03b2 (P = .1139) and IL-6 (P = .2792).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We show that an acute Q fever infection has a long-term effect on the transcriptional program of circulating monocytes and, therefore, likely their myeloid progenitor cells, as well as concentrations of circulating IL-10, IL-1\u03b2, IL-1Ra, and IL-6.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T22:10:20Z","timestamp":1561587020000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Long-Lasting Transcriptional Changes in Circulating Monocytes of Acute Q Fever Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0665-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruud Ph","family":"Raijmakers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Stenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan P","family":"Keijmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Ter Horst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Novakovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos Wm","family":"Van Der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai G","family":"Netea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal P","family":"Bleeker-Rovers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo Ab","family":"Joosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081004075338200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68266-4","article-title":"Q 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