{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T20:18:50Z","timestamp":1784146730192,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission\u2019s HORIZON2020\u2019s research project","award":["TBVAC2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TBVAC2020"]}]},{"name":"European Commission\u2019s HORIZON2020\u2019s research project","award":["643381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["643381"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current guidelines recommend screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with a tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), or both. Many also recommend chest radiography (CXR), although its added value is uncertain. This systematic review assessed the prevalence of abnormalities suggestive of LTBI on CXR (LTBI-CXR lesions) and evaluated the strength of the association.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We searched 4 databases up to September 2017 and systematically reviewed cross-sectional and cohort studies reporting LTBI-CXR lesions in individuals with a positive TST or IGRA, or both, result. Prevalence estimates were pooled using random effects models and odds ratios (ORs) were used to calculate risk estimates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the 26 included studies, the pooled proportion of individuals with LTBI having LTBI-CXR lesions was 0.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12\u20130.18]. In 16 studies that reported on individuals with LTBI and uninfected controls, LTBI-CXR lesions were associated with a positive TST result \u2265 5 mm or \u2265 10 mm (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.00\u20135.99; and OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.38\u20133.09, respectively) and with a positive QuantiFERON result (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.17\u20133.39) compared to CXR in uninfected controls. Although few studies reported specified lesions, calcified nodules were most frequently reported in individuals with LTBI (proportion, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02\u20130.11).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lesions on CXR suggestive of previous infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis were significantly associated with positive tests for LTBI, although the sensitivity was only 15%. This finding may have added value when detection of past LTBI is important but immunodiagnostic tests may be unreliable.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T04:50:36Z","timestamp":1564548636000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Radiological Signs of Latent Tuberculosis on Chest Radiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jonathan W","family":"Uzorka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacco","family":"Wallinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia J M","family":"Kroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom H M","family":"Ottenhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra M","family":"Arend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081004183176600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00079310","article-title":"Treatment of latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: update 2010","volume":"37","author":"Leung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2020081004183176600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa031667","article-title":"Priorities for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States","volume":"350","author":"Horsburgh","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081004183176600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00028510","article-title":"The risk of tuberculosis related to tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapies: a TBNET consensus statement","volume":"36","author":"Solovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2020081004183176600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00000712","article-title":"The risk of tuberculosis in transplant candidates and recipients: a TBNET consensus statement","volume":"40","author":"Bumbacea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2020081004183176600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201405-0967OC","article-title":"Risk assessment of tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. 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