{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:38:08Z","timestamp":1791185888985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consultancy Service for Enhancing Laboratory Surveillance of Emerging Infectious Disease for Department of Health"},{"name":"University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transmission of human hepegivirus 1 (HHpgV-1), a novel human pegivirus, is closely associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The impact of HHpgV-1 viremia on HCV infection is unknown. This study aimed to (a) evaluate the impact of HHpgV-1 viremia on HCV viral load and liver injury and (b) elucidate the clinical and molecular epidemiology of HHpgV-1 infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals with HHpgV-1 viremia (cases) were identified by screening plasma from 655 HCV-infected adults. HHpgV-1 isolates were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis, and viral load was quantified. Cases were age- and sex-matched to HCV-infected individuals without HHpgV-1 viremia (controls) in a 1:3 ratio. A retrospective case\u2013control analysis was performed to identify differences in HCV viral load and parameters of liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among HCV-infected adults, 16\/655 (2.4%) had HHpgV-1 viremia. Risk groups for HHpgV-1 infection included intravenous drug users, blood product recipients, tattoo recipients, and men who have sex with men. Viral sequences clustered into 2 distinct HHpgV-1 genogroups. Cases had a higher mean HCV viral load than controls, with difference between means of 0.58 log10 IU\/mL (P = .009). Cases were more likely to have an HCV viral load &amp;gt;5 log10 IU\/mL (P = .028). Multiple regression demonstrated the impact of HHpgV-1 viral load and infection status on HCV viral load. HHpgV-1 infection was not associated with higher liver function tests, fibrosis scores, or imaging abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HHpgV-1 viremia is associated with a higher HCV viral load in co-infected patients. HHpgV-1 infection does not affect progression of HCV-related liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T10:25:54Z","timestamp":1563013554000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Hepegivirus 1 Infection in Patients With Hepatitis C"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril C Y","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas F S","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shusheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kit-Hang","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper F W","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent C C","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Yung","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081003580132200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000612","article-title":"Proposed update to the taxonomy of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus within the Flaviviridae family","volume":"97","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gen 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