{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T18:25:09Z","timestamp":1784744709013,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI007046-42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007046-42"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a case of HIV-associated vacuolar encephalomyelopathy with progressive central nervous system dysfunction and corresponding vacuolar degeneration of the spinal cord, cranial nerves, and brain, the anatomic extent of which has not previously been described. Vacuolar myelopathy classically presents as a spinal syndrome with progressive, painless gait disturbance in the setting of advanced HIV and AIDS. Vacuolar involvement of the brain and cranial nerves, as illustrated in this case report, is a newly described variant of this condition that we term vacuolar encephalomyelopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T17:33:24Z","timestamp":1565976804000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["HIV-Associated Vacuolar Encephalomyelopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5951-3156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory R","family":"Madden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly E","family":"Fleece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akriti","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Beatriz S","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott K","family":"Heysell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Wispelwey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-4801-3.00127-2","article-title":"Neurologic diseases caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and opportunistic infections","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.1.23","article-title":"Hypothesis on the pathogenesis of vacuolar myelopathy, dementia, and peripheral neuropathy in AIDS","volume":"65","author":"Tan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges in vacuolar myelopathy: a didactic case report","volume":"2","author":"Ernst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spinal"},{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0004","first-page":"1412","article-title":"MR findings in AIDS-associated myelopathy","volume":"20","author":"Chong","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050523","article-title":"Spinal MRI in vacuolar myelopathy, and correlation with histopathological findings","volume":"39","author":"Sartoretti-Schefer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.150292","article-title":"Vacuolar myelopathy associated with optic neuropathy in an HIV-negative, immunosuppressed liver transplant recipient","volume":"80","author":"Stacpoole","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1089\/108729102761882116","article-title":"Vacuolar myelopathy and vacuolar cerebellar leukoencephalopathy: a late complication of AIDS after highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced immune reconstitution","volume":"16","author":"Aboulafia","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(11)80540-6","article-title":"Vacuolar myelopathy in AIDS. A morphological analysis","volume":"186","author":"Artigas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.11.2159","article-title":"Clinicopathologic correlations of HIV-1-associated vacuolar myelopathy: an autopsy-based case-control study","volume":"44","author":"Dal Pan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198504043121402","article-title":"Vacuolar myelopathy pathologically resembling subacute combined degeneration in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"312","author":"Petito","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000140469.18782.05","article-title":"Treatment of AIDS-associated myelopathy with L-methionine: a placebo-controlled study","volume":"63","author":"Di Rocco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2020081004470362300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2008.0018","article-title":"Pilot study of intravenous immunoglobulin in HIV-associated myelopathy","volume":"23","author":"Cikurel","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofz366\/29173650\/ofz366.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/6\/10\/ofz366\/33599077\/ofz366.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/6\/10\/ofz366\/33599077\/ofz366.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]],"date-time":"2021-01-16T22:43:42Z","timestamp":1610837022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofz366\/5550801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofz366","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"article-number":"ofz366"}}