{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T02:58:18Z","timestamp":1773111498032,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this study, we report a complete (clinical, radiological, and virological) sustained (1 year) response after nivolumab salvage therapy in a progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patient. Analyses of the cells infiltrate in a pretreatment brain biopsy suggest that parenchymal programmed cell death-L1+ macrophages could be the T-cells partnership in immune exhaustion and virus escape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T03:18:21Z","timestamp":1569899901000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sustained Response and Rationale of Programmed Cell Death-1-Targeting for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Audemard-Verger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"},{"name":"Normandy University, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Gasnault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Unit of Neuroviral Diseases, CHU de Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Faisant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Catherine","family":"Besse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Martin-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mado","family":"Berra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Boutemy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwenola","family":"Maigne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"De Boysson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Ruet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Vabret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Chapon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Martin-Blondel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU de Purpan, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Achille","family":"Aouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0001","first-page":"93","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy; a hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and Hodgkin\u2019s disease","volume":"81","author":"Astrom","year":"1958","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05031-11","article-title":"Molecular biology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the JC virus-induced demyelinating disease of the human brain","volume":"25","author":"Ferenczy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63849-6.00010-4","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"152","author":"Zhai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70040-5","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-017-0592-2","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the absence of immunosuppression","volume":"24","author":"Zucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.164","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other forms of JC virus disease","volume":"6","author":"Brew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.825","article-title":"Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with interleukin 7","volume":"71","author":"Alstadhaug","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801540","article-title":"Allogeneic BK virus-specific T cells for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"379","author":"Muftuoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412082","article-title":"Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation","volume":"372","author":"Robert","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507643","article-title":"Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"373","author":"Borghaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.112","article-title":"Immune checkpoint blockade in infectious diseases","volume":"18","author":"Wykes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2010.02.005","article-title":"Features of responding T cells in cancer and chronic infection","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.7.864","article-title":"Measurements","volume":"20","author":"Brott","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7256","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02506-10","article-title":"Role of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against JC virus in the outcome of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and PML with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Gheuens","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.12.2205","article-title":"Viral immune evasion due to persistence of activated T cells without effector function","volume":"188","author":"Zajac","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1815039","article-title":"Pembrolizumab treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"380","author":"Cortese","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-019-00738-x","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated with nivolumab","volume":"25","author":"Hoang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2020081004471583900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1816198","article-title":"Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with nivolumab","volume":"380","author":"Walter","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/6\/10\/ofz374\/33599061\/ofz374.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/6\/10\/ofz374\/33599061\/ofz374.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T08:49:29Z","timestamp":1597049369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofz374\/5578469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofz374","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]]},"article-number":"ofz374"}}