{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:30:52Z","timestamp":1787009452025,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 AG041780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 AG041780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 AG050685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 AG050685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pepper Center","award":["AG024824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG024824"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008269","name":"Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-N-17812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-N-17812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG024824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG024824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Centers"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis frequently colonize nursing facility (NF) residents, creating opportunities for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) transmission and dissemination of mobile genetic elements conferring antimicrobial resistance. Most VRE studies do not speciate; our study addresses this lack and compares the epidemiology of E faecium and E faecalis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 651 newly admitted patients from 6 different NFs and collected swabs from several body sites at enrollment, 14 days, 30 days, and monthly thereafter for up to 6 months. The VRE were speciated using a duplex polymerase chain reaction. We used multinomial logistic regression models to compare risk factors associated with colonization of E faecium and E faecalis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 40.7% were colonized with E faecium, E faecalis, or both. At enrollment, more participants were colonized with E faecium (17.8%) than E faecalis (8.4%); 3.2% carried both species. Enterococcus faecium was carried twice as long as E faecalis (69 days and 32 days, respectively), but incidence rates were similar (E faecium, 3.9\/1000 person-days vs E faecalis, 4.1\/1000 person-days). Length of stay did not differ by species among incident cases. Residents who used antibiotics within the past 30 days had a greater incidence of both E faecium (odds ratio [OR]\u2005=\u20052.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82\u20134.60) and E faecalis (OR\u2005=\u20051.80; 95% CI, 1.16\u20132.80); device use was most strongly associated with the incidence of E faecium colonization (OR\u2005=\u20052.01; 95% CI, 1.15\u20133.50).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent increases in vancomycin-resistant E faecium prevalence may reflect increased device use and longer duration of carriage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,5]],"date-time":"2020-01-05T21:39:00Z","timestamp":1578260340000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Colonization in Nursing Facilities"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Elyse","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihsan","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Salzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Snitkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Departmental of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cassone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lona","family":"Mody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6682-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betsy","family":"Foxman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020020505352685300_CIT0001","unstructured":"Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. 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