{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:14:54Z","timestamp":1753877694432,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The management of kwashiorkor disease (KD) in children is challenging in resource-limited settings, especially for those cases with severe skin lesions and its complications. There are no evidenced-based management protocols specific to KD. This article describes the clinical presentation and case management of two children with different presentations of complicated kwashiorkor skin lesions and explores kwashiorkor from the perspective of the children\u2019s caretakers in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Our experience shows that a well-structured approach and careful skin care are crucial. This includes simplified wound care guidance, training of medical staff, strict hygiene measures and the correct choice of antibiotics and antifungals, taking into the account low immunity and vulnerability to opportunistic infections amongst malnourished children. Limited knowledge of kwashiorkor amongst caretakers negatively impacts health-seeking behaviour, resulting in late presentation. Engaging caretakers in the process of care is essential to successful treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omad053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T18:44:24Z","timestamp":1689878664000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Kwashiorkor skin lesions: case study on clinical presentation, management and patient caretaker perspectives in Maiduguri, north-eastern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1427-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Bublitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medecins Sans Frontieres, Operational Centre Brussels, Nigeria Mission , Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Manirakiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medecins Sans Frontieres, Operational Centre Brussels, Nigeria Mission , Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Whitehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medecins Sans Frontieres, Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Luxembourg Operational Research Unit (LuxOR) , Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullahi","family":"Chara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medecins Sans Frontieres, Operational Centre Brussels, Nigeria Mission , Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tumba","family":"Musa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medecins Sans Frontieres, Operational Centre Brussels, Nigeria Mission , Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirrily","family":"de Polnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medecins Sans Frontieres, Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department , Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Engy","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medecins Sans Frontieres, Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Luxembourg Operational Research Unit (LuxOR) , Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072018421282800_ref1","first-page":"995","article-title":"Dermatosis in children with oedematous malnutrition (kwashiorkor): a review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Heilskov","year":"2014","journal-title":"JEADV"},{"key":"2023072018421282800_ref2","first-page":"12","volume-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards and the Identification of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants and Children -A Joint Statement by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children\u2019s fund","author":"WHO, UNICEF","year":"2009"},{"volume-title":"Guideline: Updates on the Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants and Children","year":"2013","author":"WHO","key":"2023072018421282800_ref3"},{"key":"2023072018421282800_ref4","volume-title":"Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"Kliegman","year":"2016","edition":"20\u00b0"},{"volume-title":"Neonates, Severely Malnourished Children & Under Fives with Large Wounds: ADDENDUM to the MSF-OCB Wound Care Protocol","year":"2019","author":"Marelli","key":"2023072018421282800_ref5"},{"volume-title":"Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children: Guidelines for the Management of Common Illnesses with Limited Resources","year":"2005","author":"Ashworth","key":"2023072018421282800_ref6"},{"volume-title":"Guidelines for the inpatient treatment of severely malnourished children. 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