{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:04:35Z","timestamp":1753877075160,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009660","name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Moyamoya disease has been reported in both children and adults with HIV-1. Most cases reported in children were found to have unsuppressed viral loads and low CD4 counts. Although the aetiology of the disease is largely unknown, a few studies have postulated cytokine imbalance and immune activation as possible causes. Intimal staining of the involved cerebral arteries have revealed transmembrane glycoprotein of HIV-gp 41. We present the case of an 18-year-old boy with congenitally acquired HIV-1 who presented with right hemiparesis at the age of 12\u00a0years and was found to have Moyamoya disease on neuroimaging. His CD4 count has always been low (&amp;lt;100 cells\/cumm) in spite of being virally suppressed. He was started on anti-retroviral therapy at 5 and half\u00a0years of age and he was continued on the same. He was treated conservatively and he continues to have residual right hemiparesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omad065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T17:33:02Z","timestamp":1687800782000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MOYAMOYA disease in an adolescent with HIV-1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5818-0791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noella Maria Delia","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Centre of Excellence for HIV Care, LTMMC & GH Department of Pediatrics, , Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yashwant R","family":"Gabhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Centre of Excellence for HIV Care, LTMMC & GH Department of Pediatrics, , Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5649-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamatha M","family":"Lala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K. B. Bhabha Bandra Hospital Department of Pediatrics, , Mumbai, India and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Centre of Excellence for HIV Care, LTMMC & GH, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0555-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harshad","family":"Dere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Centre of Excellence for HIV Care, LTMMC & GH Department of Pediatrics, , Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radha","family":"Ghildiyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Centre of Excellence for HIV Care, LTMMC & GH Department of Pediatrics, , Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062616292319600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.07.001","article-title":"Case of moyamoya disease in a patient with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Sharfstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2023062616292319600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073816635747","article-title":"Moyamoya syndrome in south African children with HIV-1 infection","volume":"31","author":"Hammond","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"2023062616292319600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e166","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001841","article-title":"Moyamoya syndrome in a child with HIV-1 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