{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:14:42Z","timestamp":1753877682780,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Testicular leiomyoma is an exceptionally rare finding in patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Here, we present a report of a 30-year-old individual diagnosed with complete AIS who presented with an inguinal mass subsequently identified as a right sided testicular leiomyoma. While leiomyoma are generally considered benign, controversies persist regarding the potential for malignancy in inguinal masses among AIS patients. This case underscores the complexity of diagnosing and managing such rare occurrences, particularly when considering the diverse opinions found in the scientific literature regarding the malignant potential of inguinal masses in AIS individuals. By presenting this case, we contribute to the ongoing debate on the evaluation and treatment of inguinal masses in AIS patients, emphasizing the need for further research and consensus in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omae170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T13:30:10Z","timestamp":1737207010000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A case of testicular leiomyoma in androgen insensitivity syndrome: exploring malignancy controversies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2629-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha","family":"Neupane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Samyak Diagnostic Pvt Ltd Department of Pathology, , Yala Sadak, Kathmandu 44600,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7424-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devish","family":"Pyakurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samyak Diagnostic Pvt Ltd Department of Pathology, , Yala Sadak, Kathmandu 44600,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3705-3099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abha","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samyak Diagnostic Pvt Ltd Department of Pathology, , Yala Sadak, Kathmandu 44600,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3273-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keyoor","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samyak Diagnostic Pvt Ltd Department of Pathology, , Yala Sadak, Kathmandu 44600,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srijana","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kantipur Dental College Department of Pathology, , Basundhara Road, Kathmandu 44600,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1249-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samyak Diagnostic Pvt Ltd Department of Biochemistry, , Yala Sadak, Kathmandu 44600,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3967-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samyak Diagnostic Pvt Ltd Department of Biochemistry, , Yala Sadak, Kathmandu 44600,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020601137359","article-title":"Neoplasms and pathology of sexual developmental disorders (intersex)","volume":"39","author":"Robboy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00593-0","article-title":"Clinical, hormonal and genetic characteristics of androgen insensitivity syndrome in 39 Chinese patients","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00051302","article-title":"Testicular cancer, cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia, testicular atrophy, and genital malformations: case-control studies in Denmark","volume":"7","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2017.02.013","article-title":"Frequency of gonadal tumours in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS): a retrospective case-series analysis","volume":"13","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4151","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.9.7825","article-title":"Genotype versus phenotype in families with androgen insensitivity syndrome","volume":"86","author":"Boehmer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(76)90160-5","article-title":"The age of occurrence of gonadal tumors in intersex patients with a Y chromosome","volume":"124","author":"Manuel","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)61162-5","article-title":"Leiomyoma of the tunica albuginea","volume":"107","author":"Albert","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-010-0178-1","article-title":"Leiomyoma of testis\u2013a case report","volume":"73","author":"Kullolli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067588","article-title":"Age at surgery for undescended testis and risk of testicular cancer","volume":"356","author":"Pettersson","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1006\/scbi.1998.0073","article-title":"Growing evidence that several human cancers may originate in utero","volume":"8","author":"Ekbom","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmk006","article-title":"Developmental model for the pathogenesis of testicular carcinoma in situ: genetic and environmental aspects","volume":"12","author":"Rajpert-De Meyts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6941.1393","article-title":"Aetiology of testicular cancer: association with congenital abnormalities, age at puberty, infertility, and exercise","volume":"308","author":"Forman","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg012","article-title":"Management of cryptorchism and risk of testicular cancer","volume":"157","author":"Herrinton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114877","article-title":"Cryptorchism, orchiopexy, and the risk of testicular cancer","volume":"127","author":"Strader","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2020.101168","article-title":"Leiomyoma of the testis: case report, review of literature, and discussing the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound","volume":"31","author":"Asanad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"2025011813295589200_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.06.004","article-title":"Long-term consequences of androgen insensitivity syndrome","volume":"127","author":"Kosti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maturitas"}],"container-title":["Oxford Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/omcr\/article-pdf\/2025\/1\/omae170\/61490550\/omae170.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/omcr\/article-pdf\/2025\/1\/omae170\/61490550\/omae170.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T13:30:15Z","timestamp":1737207015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/omcr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/omcr\/omae170\/7959926"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/omcr\/omae170","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-8855"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2053-8855"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"article-number":"omae170"}}