{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T18:29:47Z","timestamp":1774290587703,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) presents with a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations, among which paroxysmal motor phenomena remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We report the case of a 29-year-old male diagnosed with relapsing\u2013remitting MS (RRMS) who exhibited episodes of paroxysmal dystonia, dysarthria-ataxia, and ptosis. Brain MRI revealed multiple demyelinating plaques, including a contrast-enhancing lesion in the right midbrain, which provides an anatomical correlation with the patient's neurological manifestation. The dystonic movements resolved with corticosteroid therapy, while symptomatic management with carbamazepine was required for dysarthria-ataxia. Ocrelizumab has been proposed as a long-term disease-modifying treatment. This case highlights the importance of recognizing paroxysmal motor signs in MS for early diagnosis and tailored management, despite their elusive pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omag016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T17:42:31Z","timestamp":1774287751000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paroxysmal motor signs in multiple sclerosis: an illustrative videotaped case"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3492-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghita","family":"Lahmam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan II University of Casablanca, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca , Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Casablanca-Settat 20100 ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHU Ibn Rochd , Boulevard des H\u00f4pitaux, Quartier des H\u00f4pitaux, Casablanca-Settat 20250, Casablanca ,","place":["Morocco"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3774-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asmae","family":"Sikkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan II University of Casablanca, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca , Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Casablanca-Settat 20100 ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHU Ibn Rochd , Boulevard des H\u00f4pitaux, Quartier des H\u00f4pitaux, Casablanca-Settat 20250, Casablanca ,","place":["Morocco"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8124-7651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajar","family":"Khattab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan II University of Casablanca, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca , Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Casablanca-Settat 20100 ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHU Ibn Rochd , Boulevard des H\u00f4pitaux, Quartier des H\u00f4pitaux, Casablanca-Settat 20250, Casablanca ,","place":["Morocco"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5656-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal","family":"Haddouali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan II University of Casablanca, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca , Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Casablanca-Settat 20100 ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHU Ibn Rochd , Boulevard des H\u00f4pitaux, Quartier des H\u00f4pitaux, Casablanca-Settat 20250, Casablanca ,","place":["Morocco"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4580-2774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma","family":"Bellakhdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan II University of Casablanca, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca , Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Casablanca-Settat 20100 ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHU Ibn Rochd , Boulevard des H\u00f4pitaux, Quartier des H\u00f4pitaux, Casablanca-Settat 20250, Casablanca ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , Hassan II University of Casablanca, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca-Settat 20100, Casablanca ,","place":["Morocco"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1208-8449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bouchra","family":"El Moutawakil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan II University of Casablanca, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca , Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Casablanca-Settat 20100 ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHU Ibn Rochd , Boulevard des H\u00f4pitaux, Quartier des H\u00f4pitaux, Casablanca-Settat 20250, Casablanca ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , Hassan II University of Casablanca, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca-Settat 20100, Casablanca ,","place":["Morocco"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4342-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Abdoh","family":"Rafai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan II University of Casablanca, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca , Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Casablanca-Settat 20100 ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHU Ibn Rochd , Boulevard des H\u00f4pitaux, Quartier des H\u00f4pitaux, Casablanca-Settat 20250, Casablanca ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Research Laboratory on Nervous System Diseases, Neurosensory Diseases and Disability, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , Hassan II University of Casablanca, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca-Settat 20100, Casablanca ,","place":["Morocco"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0870-1808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hicham","family":"El Otmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan II University of Casablanca, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca , Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Casablanca-Settat 20100 ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, CHU Ibn Rochd , Boulevard des H\u00f4pitaux, Quartier des H\u00f4pitaux, Casablanca-Settat 20250, Casablanca ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , Hassan II University of Casablanca, Rue Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca-Settat 20100, Casablanca 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